INDEX cells

Equations (7.53) simplify if the system has point-group or translational symmetry. Then local basis functions of equivalent cells are related to those of a smaller number of generating cells by phase factors and elementary rotations. Considering only translational symmetry, it is convenient to index cells in a reference translational cell by indices /x, etc. and to index translated equivalent cells by the corresponding indices jl, etc., such that the displacement of cell if, relative to cell t,... 

Cell Cycle is a page in the Cytogenetic Terms Index. Cell cycle is defined with links to descriptions of cell division and the phases of mitosis. 

CldUrd cone. (%) SAB (mM) Mitotic index Cells analyzed Cells abnormal Aberrations/100 metaphases B b" RB Total ... 

The HRI matrix was initially developed in MIL-STD-882 as a means for simple, quick, and efficient risk assessment. Variations of the HRI matrix are used in different industries and agencies. The basic HRI matrix in MIL-STD-882 is a 4 X 5 matrix with 20 index cells. It should be noted that tailoring of this matrix is allowed in order to meet the specific needs of a project. 

Unit cell and the lattice dimensions, while necessary for crystal structure determination, are by themselves valuable in polymer characterization. This is because in contrast to the lattice dimensions in crystals of small molecules, which remain essentially unchanged, these dimensions in polymeric materials vary over a relatively large range. The polymer needs to be obtained in at least a fiber or a biaxially oriented film in the initial identification of the unit cells, and in assigning the reflections to appropriate lattice planes. Once the reflections are indexed, cell dimensions can be calculated... 

The luminometer index (ASTM D 1740) is a characteristic that is becoming less frequently used. It is determined using the standard lamp mentioned above, except that the lamp is equipped with thermocouples allowing measurement of temperatures corresponding to different flame heights, and a photo-electric cell to evaluate the luminosity. The jet fuel under test is compared to two pure hydrocarbons tetraline and iso-octane to which are attributed the indices 0 and 100, respectively. The values often observed in commercial products usually vary between 40 and 70 the official specification is around 45 for TRO. 

Figure 1. shows the measured phase differenee derived using equation (6). A close match between the three sets of data points can be seen. Small jumps in the phase delay at 5tt, 3tt and most noticeably at tt are the result of the mathematical analysis used. As the cell is rotated such that tlie optical axis of the crystal structure runs parallel to the angle of polarisation, the cell acts as a phase-only modulator, and the voltage induced refractive index change no longer provides rotation of polarisation. This is desirable as ultimately the device is to be introduced to an interferometer, and any differing polarisations induced in the beams of such a device results in lower intensity modulation. 

In describing a particular surface, the first important parameter is the Miller index that corresponds to the orientation of the sample. Miller indices are used to describe directions with respect to the tluee-dimensional bulk unit cell [2]. The Miller index indicating a particular surface orientation is the one that points m the direction of the surface nonual. For example, a Ni crystal cut perpendicular to the [100] direction would be labelled Ni(lOO). 

Figure Bl.21.1. Atomic hard-ball models of low-Miller-index bulk-temiinated surfaces of simple metals with face-centred close-packed (fee), hexagonal close-packed (licp) and body-centred cubic (bcc) lattices (a) fee (lll)-(l X 1) (b)fcc(lO -(l X l) (c)fcc(110)-(l X 1) (d)hcp(0001)-(l x 1) (e) hcp(l0-10)-(l X 1), usually written as hcp(l010)-(l x 1) (f) bcc(l 10)-(1 x ]) (g) bcc(100)-(l x 1) and (li) bcc(l 11)-(1 x 1). The atomic spheres are drawn with radii that are smaller than touching-sphere radii, in order to give better depth views. The arrows are unit cell vectors. These figures were produced by the software program BALSAC [35]-...

In LC, the most common means for monitoring the eluant is to pass it through a cell connected into an ultraviolet spectrometer. As substances elute from the column, their ultraviolet absorption is measured and recorded. Alternatively, the refractive index of the eluant is monitored since it varies from the value for a pure solvent when it contains organics from the column. 

Refractive Index. The effect of mol wt (1400-4000) on the refractive index (RI) increment of PPG in ben2ene has been measured (167). The RI increments of polyglycols containing aUphatic ether moieties are negative drj/dc (mL/g) = —0.055. A plot of RI vs 1/Af is linear and approaches the value for PO itself (109). The RI, density, and viscosity of PPG—salt complexes, which maybe useful as polymer electrolytes in batteries and fuel cells have been measured (168). The variation of RI with temperature and salt concentration was measured for complexes formed with PPG and some sodium and lithium salts. Generally, the RI decreases with temperature, with the rate of change increasing as the concentration increases. 

Indexings and Lattice Parameter Determination. From a powder pattern of a single component it is possible to determine the indices of many reflections. From this information and the 20-values for the reflections, it is possible to determine the unit cell parameters. As with single crystals this information can then be used to identify the material by searching the NIST Crystal Data File (see "SmaU Molecule Single Stmcture Determination" above). 

The absorption, distribution, and accumulation of lead in the human body may be represented by a three-part model (6). The first part consists of red blood cells, which move the lead to the other two parts, soft tissue and bone. The blood cells and soft tissue, represented by the liver and kidney, constitute the mobile part of the lead body burden, which can fluctuate depending on the length of exposure to the pollutant. Lead accumulation over a long period of time occurs in the bones, which store up to 95% of the total body burden. However, the lead in soft tissue represents a potentially greater toxicological hazard and is the more important component of the lead body burden. Lead measured in the urine has been found to be a good index of the amount of mobile lead in the body. The majority of lead is eliminated from the body in the urine and feces, with smaller amounts removed by sweat, hair, and nails. 

The transparency and refractive power of the lenses of our eyes depend on a smooth gradient of refractive index for visible light. This is achieved partly by a regular packing arrangement of the cells in the lens and partly by a smoothly changing concentration gradient of lens-specific proteins, the crystallins. 

A protein with the innocuous name p53 is one of the most frequently cited biological molecules in the Science Citation Index. The "p" in p53 stands for protein and "53" indicates a molecular mass of 53 kDa. The p53 protein plays a fundamental role in human cell growth and mutations in this protein are frequently associated with the formation of tumors. It is estimated that of the 6.5 million people diagnosed with one or another form of cancer each year about half have p53 mutations in their tumor cells and that the vast majority of these mutations are single point mutations. 

To find generic data in this book for use in a CPQRA, the reader should first locate the taxonomy number for the equipment under study by referring to Appendix B, Equipment Index. This index shows the taxonomy number for various types of commonly used equipment. Knowing the taxonomy number, the reader can consult the Index of Filled Data Cells (Table 5.2) to determine if the data exist in Chapter S. Alternatively, the user... 

Section 5.3, Data Table Presentation, illustrates the format used for data tables and explains the type of information contained. Data tables have been presented only for those data cells where data existed at that level in the taxonomy. These are listed by taxonomy number in the Data Cell Index, Table 5.2. 

As explained in Section 3.3, failure rate data for a piece of equipment or system can be located by the taxonomy number for the equipment. The number can be found by using the CCPS Taxonomy, Appendix A, or the alphabetized hardware list in the Equipment Index, Appendix B. Table 5.2 shows whether the CCPS data base contains failure rate data for that numbered data cell or for an appropriate higher-level cell. Alternatively, the user may look directly for the desired taxonomy cell in the data tables. 

These combined HDF and GPC separations require the use of detectors such as static light scattering or viscometers to help sort out the convoluted elution profiles seen in those type of experiments. It should also be remembered in these situations that the typical refractive index or ultraviolet detector responses may not be representative of the actual mass fraction of insolubles eluting from the column because of the significant light scattering that can occur with those large particles in the detector cell. 

One of the characteristics of the porous film is that there is no effect on the film size in the solvents, despite the existence of PVAc, because of the enormous space taken up by the PVA cells versus the PVAc amount. If the porous film is dipped in a solvent, the PVAc concentration in the PVA cells may be appreciated by the residual PVAc amount. Because the refractive index of the PVAc solution in contact with PVA cells becomes lower as the amount of PVAc with a low-refractive index increases, the wavelength of the transmitted light for the porous film shifts to the short side, and the color of the scattered light shifts to the yellow side. This consideration successfully explains the experimental results in Table 4. 

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