Incident classification

Many companies recognize this and have a system in place to match their resources to the type of incident. Classifying the nature of the incident is one of the first steps. An example of one approach to incident classification follows. 

The once-through coolant cycle of the Super LWR is schematically illustrated in Fig. 6.9 [1]. The feedwater pump is the same as the RCP. The loss of all feedwater flow and the total loss of reactor coolant flow are the same incidents. Classification of this event depends on the frequency. Also, the guidelines for Japanese LWRs are followed. A simultaneous sudden trip of all ptunps that have been directly maintaining the core coolant flow rate must be classified as a total loss of reactor coolant flow accident. These pumps correspond to the primary pumps of PWRs and the recirculation pumps of BWRs. Since the RCPs of the Super LWR also maintain the core coolant flow rate, a simultaneous sudden trip of the RCPs is classified as the total loss of reactor coolant flow accident, assuming that its frequency will be less than 10 per year by system separation and high reliability. 

Quantitative Fire and Explosion Index (FExplosion Index Hazard Classification Guide, 1994 Lees, 1980, pp. 149-160). The F EI is used to rate the potential of hazard from fires and explosions. Its purpose is to quantify damage from an incident. It identifies equipment that could contribute to an incident and ways to mitigate possible incidents. It is a way to communicate to management the quantitative hazard potential. 

The following shipping paper is only illustrative since it may vary in format. However, all descriptions will be basically Ihe same. You should look for this type of eniry lo determine the shipping name of the haiardous material, its classification, its 10 number (10 No.), and a reportable quantity notation (RO or RO-number) for use in reporting spill incidents to the National Response Center. With very few exceptions, shipping papers identifying haiardous materials are required when they are being transported ... 

The project began with an extensive evaluation of 900 reported incidents involving failures of fixed pipework on chemical and major hazard plant. As part of the analysis a failure classification scheme was developed which considered the chief causes of failures, the possible prevention or recovery mechanism that could have prevented the failure and the underlying cause. The classification scheme is summarized in Figure 2.13. A typical event classification would be... 

A study by Kontogiannis and Lucas (1990) has reviewed these approaches and developed a classification of cognitive phenomena which occur under high stress. This is presented in Figure 3.5. The classification was developed by examining a number of incidents from various industrial sectors. The cognitive phenomena illustrate in a practical manner the psychological mechanisms which can precipitate errors under stress. 

DOE. 1981. Lung-clearance classification of exp 241 Am and exp 238-240 Pu in dust collected near the sites of Hanford incidents 2827 and 2828. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Energy. 

PEL Pg pmol PHS PMR ppb ppm ppt REL RfD RTECS sec SCE SIC SIR SMR STEL STORET TLV TSCA TRI TRS TWA u.s. UF yr WHO wk permissible exposure limit picogram picomole Public Health Service proportionate mortality ratio parts per billion parts per million parts per trillion recommended exposure limit Reference Dose Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances second sister chromatid exchange Standard Industrial Classification Standardized incidence ratio standard mortality ratio short term exposure limit STORAGE and RETRIEVAL threshold limit value Toxic Substances Control Act Toxics Release Inventory total reduced sulfur time-weighted average United States uncertainty factor year World Health Organization week... 

Table 10.43 Intensity of global radiation (sum of direct and scattered radiation) at the earth s surface and its classification (summer, vertical incidence) [409]...

The lysosome is the subcellular organelle responsible for physiological turnover of cellular constituents. Their combined incidence is estimated to be 1 8,000 [2]. Knowledge about the molecular and cellular defects has advanced a great deal in recent years. Platt and Walkley [3] have proposed a new classification based on the nature of the molecular defects (Table 41-1). This system will be used here. 

The Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC) analyzed more than 100,000 surgery cases and identified abdominal operations, operations lasting more than 2 hours, contaminated or dirty procedures, and more than three underlying medical diagnoses as factors associated with an increased incidence of SSI. When the NRC classification described in Table 48-1 was stratified by the number of SENIC risk factors present, the infection rates varied by as much as a factor of 15 within the same operative category. 

Delmas and coworkers (2005) have analyzed the impact of raloxifene treatment on breast cancer incidence over the 8 years of MORE plus CORE depending on the classification of the participants as osteopoenic or osteoporotic. For women assigned to placebo, more cases of invasive and ER(+) invasive breast cancers were reported in the osteopenic than in the osteoporotic group. 

The severity of pelvic pain and the incidence of infertility are not related to the localization of the lesions or to the stage of the disease (Gruppo Ital-iano per lo Studio dell Endometriosi 2001), as categorized according to the revised American Fertility Society (r-AFS) guidelines (American Fertility Society 1985). In fact, the r-AFS classification system is inadequate to express the severity of the symptomatology because it does not reflect the disease in terms of cellular mass or activity. 

There is no single definition of terrorism, and even when one can agree upon a definition, there may be disagreements about the classification of a particular incident. This chapter is written from a U.S. perspective (as the author is from the United States) and the author refers the reader to the definition of terrorism as defined by statute of the United States Government (Title 22 Chapter 28 Section 2656 f(d)) ... 

ADEs and medication errors can be extracted from practice data, incidents reports from health professionals, and patient surveys. Practice data include charts, laboratory, prescription data, and administrative databases, and can be reviewed manually or screened by computer systems to identify signals. A method of ADE and medication error detection and classification has been presented that is feasible and has good reliability (Marimoto et al. 2004). It can be used in various clinical settings to measure and improve medication safety. 

Broaden the application to cover reactive hazards resulting from process-specific conditions and combinations of chemicals. Additionally, broaden coverage of hazards from self-reactive chemicals. In expanding PSM coverage, use objective criteria. Consider criteria such as the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), a reactive hazard classification system (e.g., based on heat of reaction or toxic gas evolution), incident history, or catastrophic potential. 

Management of change Material safety data sheet Management systems verification National Association of Chemical Distributors North American Industry Classification System National Fire Incident Reporting System National Fire Protection Association National Institute of Standards and Technology National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Response Center (USCG)... 

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