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In a nozzle

Butyl slurry at 25—35 wt % mbber continuously overflows from the reactor through a transferline to an agitated flash dmm operating at 140—160 kPa (1.4—1.6 atm) and 55—70°C. Steam and hot water are mixed with the slurry in a nozzle as it enters the dmm to vaporize methyl chloride and unreacted monomers that pass overhead to a recovery system. The vapor stream is compressed, dried over alumina, and fractionated to yield a recycle stream of methyl chloride and isobutylene. Pure methyl chloride is recovered for the coinitiator (AlCl ) preparation. In the flash dmm, the polymer agglomerates as a coarse cmmb in water. Metal stearate, eg, aluminum, calcium, or zinc stearate, is added to control the cmmb size. Other additives, such as antioxidants, can also be introduced at this point. The polymer cmmb at 8—12 wt % in water flows from the flash dmm to a stripping vessel operated under high vacuum to... [Pg.482]

Static temperature is the temperature of the flowing fluid. Like static pressure, it arises because of the random motion of the fluid molecules. Static temperature is in most practical instaUations impossible to measure since it can be measured only by a thermometer or thermocouple at rest relative to the flowing fluid that is moving with the fluid. Static temperature will increase in a diffuser and decrease in a nozzle. [Pg.883]

He did not put on the fire gear and proceeded to open the vessel and hose it out with a fire hose. An explosion resulted when water f dislodged crusted-over sodium aluminum hydride trapped in a nozzle. The worker was burned, requiring a two-week hospital stay and several months of recuperation. [Pg.89]

The combustion process is carried out in a thrust chamber or a motor case, and the reaction products are momentarily contained therein. The newly formed species are heterogeneous in composition and involve a wide variety of low molecular weight products. The temperature of these products is generally high, and it ranges from about 2,000°F (1,100°C) in gas generators to well over 8,000°F in advanced liquid propellant engines. The combustion products leave the chamber and are directed and expanded in a nozzle to obtain velocities from about 5,000 to 14,000 ft/sec. [Pg.122]

Spray dryers are normally used for liquid and dilute slurry feeds, but can be designed to handle any material that can be pumped. The material to be dried is atomised in a nozzle, or by a disc-type atomiser, positioned at the top of a vertical cylindrical vessel. Hot air flows up the vessel (in some designs downward) and conveys and dries the droplets. The liquid vaporises rapidly from the droplet surface and open, porous particles are formed. The dried particles are removed in a cyclone separator or bag filter. [Pg.432]

Abanades, S. and Flamant, G., Production of hydrogen by thermal methane splitting in a nozzle-type laboratory-scale solar reactor, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., 30,843, 2005. [Pg.101]

Before deriving expressions for the flow rate in a nozzle, it will be... [Pg.212]

This discussion has been concerned primarily with the chemistry of the polymer in filled crosslinked elastomer formulations. Since the purpose of these formulations is to produce a gas with high enthalpy, thermochemistry is important. The heat of combustion of the components and the effect of the nature and molecular weight of the gaseous products are included in several literature references. The increase in enthalpy that can be obtained by adding finely divided metals to the formulations makes the use of these materials desirable in many applications. Their presence has catalyzed many excellent studies on two-phase gas flow particularly during expansion in a nozzle. [Pg.89]

Suitable feeds to a spray dryer are solutions or pumpable pastes and slurries. Such a material is atomized in a nozzle or spray wheel, contacted with heated air or flue gas and conveyed out of the equipment with a pneumatic or mechanical type of conveyor. Collection of fines with a cyclone separator or filter is a major aspect of spray dryer operation. Typical equipment arrangements and flow patterns are shown in Figure 9.14. [Pg.268]

Photodissociation dynamics studies in a nozzle-cooled beam have been reported along with an elegant analysis of the data (146). Only CN radicals in the v" = 0 level are reported because of the difficulty of detecting small amounts of excited radicals in the upper vibrational level. The results that were obtained by fitting the observed rotational distributions with Boltzmann rotational distribution functions are summarized in Table 3. [Pg.38]

Fig. 11.5. Population ratio of the two A-doublet states of OH(2Il3/2) generated in the photodissociation of H2O via the A state in a nozzle beam (T 50 K) and in the bulk (T = 300 K). N = j — 1/2 for the 2n3/2 spin-orbit manifold. The inset illustrates schematically the (approximate) conservation of the antisymmetric pn lobe as one of the OH bonds breaks. Adapted from Andresen and al. (1984). Fig. 11.5. Population ratio of the two A-doublet states of OH(2Il3/2) generated in the photodissociation of H2O via the A state in a nozzle beam (T 50 K) and in the bulk (T = 300 K). N = j — 1/2 for the 2n3/2 spin-orbit manifold. The inset illustrates schematically the (approximate) conservation of the antisymmetric pn lobe as one of the OH bonds breaks. Adapted from Andresen and al. (1984).
In the conventional impactor, the jet is formed in a nozzle (internal flow) and then impacts onto a plate. It is also... [Pg.69]

The A-starch slurry from the centrifugal decanter is screened and then refined either with hydrocyclones or with separators and decanters. Purification and concentration of A-starch is accomplished in multistage hydrocyclones, or the A-starch slurry is separated into A and B fractions in a nozzle-type centrifuge and the A-starch fraction is finally refined in a centrifugal decanter. The B-starch stream is passed through vibrating screens and concentrated in a decanter. Pentosans and other solubles are concentrated and either dried or co-fermented with the B-starch for ethanol production. [Pg.451]

Fig. II. C. 2 Variation of composition in a nozzle to show transition to frozen flow... Fig. II. C. 2 Variation of composition in a nozzle to show transition to frozen flow...
The relation of velocity to pressure in a nozzle can be given analytically the fluid behaves as an ideal gas. When an ideal gas with constant heat capaciti undergoes isentropic expansion, Eq. (3.24) provides a relation between P a V, that is, PVy = const. Integration of Eq. (7.20) then gives... [Pg.122]

In rockets burning liquid fuels the oxidizing agent (e.g., liquid oxygen) is pumped from tanks into the combustion chamber. Simultaneously, fuel (e.g., kerosene) is pumped into the chamber and burned. The combustion takes place at a constant high pressure and produces high-temperature product gases tha are expanded in a nozzle, as indicated in Fig. 8.14. [Pg.146]

The speed of sound is attained at the throat of a converging/diverging nozzle only when the pressure at the throat is low enough that the critical value of P-JP is reached. If insufficient pressure drop is available in the nozzle for the velocity to become sonic, the diverging section of the nozzle acts as a diffuser. That is, after the throat is reached the pressure rises and the velocity decreases this is the conventional behavior for subsonic flow in diverging sections. The relationships between velocity, area, and pressure in a nozzle are illustrated numerically in Example 7.3. [Pg.427]

Steam expands adiabatically in a nozzle from inlet conditions of lOO(psia), 400(SF), and a velocity of 200(ft)(s) l to a discharge pressure of 20(psia) where its velocity is 2,000(ft)(s) 1. What is the state of the steam at the nozzle exit, and what is AStolBi for the process. [Pg.432]

Example 3.3 Energy dissipation in a nozzle Steam enters a nozzle at 30 psia and 300°F, and exits as a saturated vapor at 300°F. The steam enters at a velocity of 1467 ft/s, and leaves at 75 ft/s. The nozzle has an exit area of 0.5 ft2. Determine the rate of energy dissipation when the environmental temperature is T0 = 500 R. [Pg.106]

Steam expands in a nozzle from inlet conditions of 500°F, 250 psia, and a velocity of 260ft/s to discharge conditions of 95 psia and a velocity 1500 ft/s. If the flow is at lOlb/s and the process is at steady state and adiabatic, determine ... [Pg.265]

Humidification. For winter operation, or for special process requirements, humidification may be required (see Simultaneous HEAT AND mass TRANSFER). Humidification can be effected by an air washer which employs direct water sprays (see Evaporation). Regulation is maintained by cycling the water sprays or by temperature control of the air or water. Where a large humidification capacity is required, an ejector which directly mixes air and water in a nozzle may be employed. Steam may be used to power the nozzle. Live low pressure steam can also be released directly into the air stream. Capillary-type humidifiers employ wetted porous media to provide extended air and water contact. Pan-type humidifiers are employed where the required capacity is small. A water filled pan is located on one side of the air duct. The water is heated electrically or by steam. The use of steam, however, necessitates additional boiler feed water treatment and may add odors to the air stream. Direct use of steam for humidification also requires careful attention to indoor air quality7. [Pg.362]

FIGURE 9.1. The real part of the nondimensional nozzle admittance yyJMi as a function of the nondimensional frequency k for various values of the nozzle-entrance Mach number M, with y = 1.2 for longitudinal modes in a nozzle having a velocity linear with distance [20]. [Pg.307]

Steam expands adiabatically in a nozzle from inlet conditions of lOO(psia), 400( F), and a... [Pg.495]


See other pages where In a nozzle is mentioned: [Pg.79]    [Pg.99]    [Pg.213]    [Pg.195]    [Pg.447]    [Pg.645]    [Pg.15]    [Pg.9]    [Pg.123]    [Pg.969]    [Pg.149]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.6564]    [Pg.97]    [Pg.485]    [Pg.249]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.25 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.25 ]




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Energy dissipation in a nozzle

Nozzle

Nozzle, nozzles

Outlet velocity and mass flow in a convergent-only nozzle

Steady-state flow in a nozzle

Total entropy change of an air flow in a nozzle

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