Impoundment basins

Drainage ditches, gulleys, trenches and associated remote impounding basins... 

Also, less time is required to prepare for foam application, resulting in faster extinguishment, especially for numbers of closely spaced tanks up to about 50 ft (15 m) in diameter. Foam monitors are effective in fighting large spill fires, such as those in tank impounding basins. However, industry experience indicates that foam monitors and foam hose streams are ineffective in fighting tank fires in water-soluble materials. It has been determined that foam is only effective on these materials if applied very gently by fixed application devices or hand hose. 

The ballast treatment facility studied is located at the terminal of the Alaska pipeline in Port Valdez, Alaska. The treatment involves primary separation by gravity in 430,000-barrel-capacity tanks, followed by a secondary treatment consisting of a combination of chemically aided flocculation and dissolved air flotation processes, with final pH adjustment and an effluent impound basin. The total residence time of ballast water in the treatment facility is usually less than 48 hr. 

Particle classification technologies include impoundment basins, hydraulic classifiers, hydrocyclones, grizzlies, and screens. Following is a descrqition of these technologies. Applications, limitations, and relative costs for the first three listed particle classification technologies are identified in Table 2. 

Hvdrauhc classifiers are rectangular tanks that function similarly to impoundment basins. They have a series of hoppers along the length of a tank which collects sediments of various sizes. Motor-driven vanes sense the level of solids and activate discharge valves as tlie solids accumulate in each hopper. Hydraulic classifiers may... 

The drainage system shall terminate in vacant land or other area or in an impounding basin having a capacity not smaller than that of the largest tank served. This termination area and the route of the drainage system shall be... 

Remote impounding basin Used for temporary storage of potentially dangerous liquids, a remote impounding basin is a containment area located awa> from a process or off-.site faciiit> ... 

Vent and drain openings associated with combustible fluids or gases Drainage ditches, gulleys, trenches, and associated remote impounding basins... 

Tanks, spheres, and spheroids that contain flammable materials including their drainage and relief path and impounding basins. 

Aeration basins can be constmcted as concrete or steel tanks or earthen impoundments, although tanks are more common in the United States now because of ground water problems with leakage from impoundments and stringent regulation of impoundments for the treatment of hazardous waste. 

The main economic use of the Ebro River has been hydropower and irrigation. The Ebro River has 187 reservoirs impounding 57% of the mean annual runoff. Such a large number of reservoirs deeply alter the fluvial regimes. None of the major dams in the basin was built for flood control, but the sheer volume of the impoundments affects the flood magnitude. Diverted water is used mainly for hydropower production and for irrigation. All the dams were constructed during the twentieth century,... 

Fig. 5 Flood reduction in the Ebro basin in relation to the degree of impoundment (IR). Flood reduction is expressed by <5 as the ratio between the post and the pre-dam flood of a given return period Q, for this particular case the 10-year flood has been selected. See [11] for more examples...

There are 318 river gauging stations within the Ebro basin [80]. Around 60 of these monitor natural flow regimes and are typically located around the edges of the basin in the medium to higher reaches of the tributary rivers [8], Others are located on rivers whose streamflow has been altered by reservoirs (see [9] for a review of historical water policy in Spain). In total, 187 reservoirs impound 57% of the mean annual runoff [10]. As an example, annual discharge measured... 

A wide range of applications for sulfur concrete such as SUDICRETE provide many advantages. Included are industrial flooring, electrolytic vats, sumps, catch basins, tanks, sewage and waste impoundment ponds, bridge decks, pipes, etc., all of which can benefit from its extreme corrosion resistance. Rapid... 

Early in the history of mining and smelting in the Clark Fork basin, reservoirs were the first recipients of contaminants. These reservoirs were built to retain milling wastes for secondary recovery of metals, to limit effluent moving downstream into the Clark Fork River, and to serve as hydroelectric impoundments. They now make up a vast array of tailings ponds in the headwaters of the Clark Fork River and large downstream lakes that act as sinks and sources for contaminants to surface and groundwater in the basin. 

Research on the behavior of Pu and other actinides in aquatic ecosystems of Oak Ridge National Laboratory involves field studies at White Oak Lake, a 10.5-ha impoundment formed by Mahattan Project operations. This final settling basin has received releases from the Laboratory and associated facilities since 1944. Some of the key questions addressed are (a) the partitioning of Pu between the suspended particulate and soluble fractions in the water column, (b) the partitioning of Pu between the bed sediments and overlying water column, (c) the uptake of Pu by biota from these fractions, and (d) food chain transfers and trophic effect on Pu concentrations in biota of the system. 

The Pinal Creek basin in central Arizona, about 100 km east of Phoenix, is one of the most polluted acid mine drainage sites in the USA (Figure 9.2). Mining activities over a century, mostly in copper from porphyry deposits, have resulted in a plume of acidic groundwater in the alluvium and basin fill aquifer. The plume is laden with heavy metals. Many potential contamination sources, including mine tailings, heap leach, surface impoundments, and surface run-off and groundwater flow in the mineralized... 

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