Ground water problem

Aeration basins can be constmcted as concrete or steel tanks or earthen impoundments, although tanks are more common in the United States now because of ground water problems with leakage from impoundments and stringent regulation of impoundments for the treatment of hazardous waste. 

This cyanide contamination case study has been an interesting experience because ground water problems are often slow to develop, and cleanup can be even slower. 

E. K. Wilson, Zero-valent metals provide possible solution to ground-water problems. Chem. Eng. News July 3, 19-22 (1995). 

Kubota, Y., Ishiyama, Y. and Yokota, D. (2000) Arsenic distribution in the surface geology of the Niigata Plain, central Japan source supply of arsenic in arsenic contaminated ground water problem Part 1. Earth Science, 54(6), 369-79. 

In instances where free product is lost, vacuum recovery systems and/or absorbents may be used to remove the surface concentrations before the ground-water investigation begins. These actions, normally taken as the first step in the remedial action plan, often render the land surface at the site nearly clean before the ground-water problem is studied. 

Nonaqueous phase Hquids (NAPLs) present special problems for soil and ground water cleanup. Contaminant transport through ground water depends in part on the water solubiHty of the compound. Because NAPLs cling to subsurface particles and are slow to dissolve in ground water, they hinder cleanups and prolong cleanup times. Dense nonaqueous phase Hquids (DNAPLs) migrate downward in the aquifer and can coUect in pools or pockets of the substmcture. Examples of DNAPLs are the common solvents tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) which were used extensively at many faciHties before the extent of subsurface contamination problems was realized. 

The global heat accumulation is summarized in Figure 10. The basic idea is that thermal pollution is released on Earth. Part of this heat is emitted to space as OLR. The remaining heat is first released into the atmosphere. Part of it will accumulate in the air, which in its turn warm the ground and water. In the air heat is stored as both latent and sensible heat. In the ground heat is stored as sensible heat. It is easy to calculate heat that is accumulating in air and ground. The problem is to estimate the heat that is stored in water. 

Blake, S. B. and Hall, R. A., 1984, Monitoring Petroleum Spills with Wells Some Problems and Solutions In Proceedings of the National Water Well Association of Ground Water Scientists and Engineers, Fourth National Symposium on Aquifer Restoration and Groundwater Monitoring, pp. 305-310. 

Gaily, R. M. and Gorelick, S. M., 1993, Design of Optimal, Reliable Plume Capture Schemes Application to the Gloucester Landfill Groundwater Contamination Problem Ground Water, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 107-114. 

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