Interleukin-8 IL

Upon stimulation of cells by a wide range of agents, including H2O2, tumour necrosis factor-a (TNFa), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), phorbol... 

FIGURE 96-4. Pathophysiology of the hypercalcemia of malignancy. PTHrP, parathyroid hormone-related protein TGF-P, transforming growth factor P TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor alpha Ca2+, calcium IL-1, interleukin 1 IL-2, interleukin 2. 

Note IL-1 = interleukin-1 GM-CSF = granulocyte-marcophage colony-simulating factor PDGF = platelet-derived growth factor TGF-)5 = transforming growth factor-) ICAM = intercellular leukocytic adhesion molecule ELAM = extracellular leukocytic adhesion molecule. 

Very recently, in 1999, an European patent was published involving the description of a pharmaceutical composition, which includes terpenoid dilactones isolated from a new strain of Oidiodendrum griseum filamentous fungi, together with some semi-synthetic derivatives from the isolated natural podolactones [7]. This pharmaceutical composition was reported to be useful for the treatment of IL-1 (interleukin-1) and TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-mediated diseases. 

IGF-l-RTK, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor tyrosine kinase IGF-2, insulin-like growth factor-2 IGF-2-RTK, insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor tyrosine kinase iGlu-R, inhibitory glutamate receptor IKK, inhibitor kB kinase IL, interleukin IL-1P, interleukin-1P IL-ip-R, interleukin-ip receptor IL-1, interleukin-1 IL-8, interleukin-8 IL-8-R, interleukin-8-receptor lie, isoleucine Im, imidazole... 

BH4 = Tetrahydrobiopterin CAM = Cytotoxic activated macrophage cNOS = Constitutive nitric oxide synthase CPR = Cytochrome P450 reductase EDRF = Endothelial-derived relaxation factor EPR = Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy IL-1 = Interleukin-1 iNOS = Inducible nitric oxide synthase EPS = Lipopolysaccharide, or endotoxin NMMA = ISp-monomethyl-L-arginine NOS = Nitric oxide synthase ROS = Reactive oxygen species SOD = Superoxide dismutase TNF = Tumor necrosis factor. 

GMP, granular membrane protein ODFR, oxygen-derived free radicals ELAM, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule IL-1, interleukin-1 TNF-alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule IFN-gamma, interferon -gamma VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule LFA, lymphocyte-associated antigen CR, complement receptor. 

Endotoxin pyrogen induces fever by an indirect process. On entry into the circulatory system, endotoxin is bound to LPS-binding protein (LPB) that transports it to receptor cells in the reticuloendothelial system. The main target cells are circulating mononuclear cells, which produce proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFot). These cytokines are involved in acute and chronic inflammation, induce fever, and modulate the host s response to bacterial infection. ° ... 

CNS, central nervous system ER, endoplasmic reticulum IL-1, interleukin-1 kDa, kilodalton ... 

FIGURE 105-3. Hypothetical schema of pathophysiologic events that occur during bacterial meningitis. IL-1 = interleukin 1 TNF = tumor necrosis factor PAF = platelet-activating factor CBF = cerebral blood flow CSF = cerebrospinal fluid PGE2 = prostaglandin E2 ICP = intracranial pressure. 

FDA Food and Drug Administration GI gastrointestinal Hib H. influenzae type b HIV human immunodeficiency virus ICP intracranial pressure IL-1 interleukin 1 INF interferon LPS lipopolysaccharide MBC minimum bactericidal concentration MIC minimum inhibitory concentration NCCLS National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards... 

The pyridinylimidazoles are representative of a class of polysubstituted imidazoles which are potent inhibitors of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) kinase.(i, 2) (Figure 1) These con5)ounds have been indicated for the treatment of inflammatory diseases due to their mode of action which involves upstream regulation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 (interleukin-1) and TNF (tumor necrosis factor).(J) Effective syntheses for this class of compounds have been described. 5)... 

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