Identification of volatiles

B. D. Mookherjee and R. Patel, "Isolation and Identification of Volatile Constituents of Tiacture of Ambergris," paper presented at the FTIth International Congress of Essential Oils, Oct. 7—11, 1977, Ityoto, Japan. 

Ramsey JD, Flanagan RJ. 1982. Detection and identification of volatile organic compounds in blood by headspace gas chromatography as an aide to the diagnosis of solvent abuse. J Chromatogr 240 423-444. 

The identification of volatile compounds of both Mo and W in gases from a municipal landfill (Feldmann and Cullen 1997) illustrated unusual transformation products. Although these compounds were tentatively identified as Mn2(CO)jo and W(CO)g, neither the mechanism of their formation nor their potential health hazards has been resolved. 

The sensitivity needed for identification of additives is, in general, greater than that needed for identification of volatile pyrolysates. 

A. Lattuati Derieux, S. Bonnassies Termes, B. Lavedrine, Identification of volatile organic compounds emitted by a naturally aged book using solid phase microextraction/gas chromato graphy/mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1026, 9 18 (2004). 

As an alternative, a two-step Py-GC/MS technique can be applied allowing the identification of volatile diterpenoids in the first step and of the polymeric fraction in the second step [33]. The procedure involves an on-line derivatization at 250°C with TMAH, followed by the pyrolysis of the remaining high molecular weight fraction. 

The second, more theoretical approach is based on the chemical analysis of the volatile compounds which are emitted. The scope is to find and to identify one or more volatile compounds which are specific for the current status of the cooking process. A possible disadvantage of this approach is that after the identification of volatile components it cannot be assured that suitable gas sensors are available or can be developed. 

Mattina, M.J.I., Pignatello, J.J. and Swiharat, R.K. (1991) Identification of volatile components of bobcat (Lynx rufus) urine. J. Chem. Ecol. 17, 451-462. 

Identification of volatile components in headspace from animal slurries... 

Ho C, Lee KN, Jin QZ. 1983. Isolation and identification of volatile flavor compounds in fried bacon. 

Streete PJ, Ruprah M, Ramsey JD, et al. 1992. Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning. Analyst (London) 117(7) 1111-1127. 

Beaulieu J.C. and Grimm, C.C. Identification of volatile organic compounds in cantaloupe at various developmental stages using solid phase microextraction, J. Agric. Food Chem., 49(3) 1345-1352, 2001. 

Dicke M, Vanbeek TA, Posthumus MA, Bendom N, Vanbokhoven H, Degroot AE (1990) Isolation and identification of volatile kairomone that affects acaiine predator-prey interactions -involvement of host plant in its production. J Chem Ecol 16 381-396... 

Yasuhara A. 1987. Identification of volatile compounds in poultry manure by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr 387 371-378. 

Identification of volatile, soluble and covalently-bound metabolites of carbon tetrachloride detection of molecular alterations in cell changes in cell function time-course and dose-dependent analysis of cause and effect relati onshi ps. 

Zweidinger, R. B., R. K. Stevens, C. W. Lewis, and H. Westburg, Identification of Volatile Hydrocarbons as Mobile Source Tracers for Fine-Particulate Organics, Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 538-542 (1990). 

Coleman, E. C., Ho, C. -T., Chang, S. S. (1981). Isolation and identification of volatile compounds from baked potatoes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 29,42 8. 

Sampling and Analysis. A frozen slice of bread was cut in pieces and stacked in an enlarged sample flask of an aroma isolation apparatus according to MacLeod and Ames (74). Volatile compounds were trapped on Tenax TA and afterwards thermally desorbed and cold trap injected in a Carlo Erba GC 6000 vega equipped with a Supelcowax 10 capillary column (60 m x 0.25 mm i.d.) and a flame ionisation detector. Similar GC conditions were used for GC-MS identification of volatile compounds by dr. M.A. Posthumus (Dept. Organic Chemistry, VG MM7070F mass spectrometer at 70 eV El, 75). 

H. Maarse, R. Belz, Isolation, Separation and Identification of Volatile Compounds in Aroma Research, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1981. 

Volatile constituents of cupuacu were isolated by steam distillation-extraction of pulp or juice [2].The identification of volatile constituents was based on mass spectral analysis. The pleasant aroma compounds were mainly esters (Fig. 8.2). Targe amounts of ethyl butanoate and small amounts of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and butyl isobutanoate were described. 

Lindinger, C., Pollien, P., Ali, S., Yeretzian, C., Blank, I., Mark, T. (2005) Unambiguous identification of volatile organic compounds by proton-transfer-reaction mass-spectrometry (PTR-MS) coupled with GC-MS. Anal. Chem. 77 4117-4124. 

Identification of volatile potato sesquiterpenoids and their olfactory detection by the two-spotted stinkbug Perillus bioculatus. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26 1433-1445. 

Day, E. A. and Lillard, D. A. 1960. Autoxidation of milk lipids. I. Identification of volatile monocarbonyl compounds from autoxidized milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 43, 585-597. 

Volatile Oil Phase Diagram—Comments—Field Identification of Volatile Oils—Laboratory Analysis of Volatile Oils... 

The mass chromatographic technique obviously has a wide scope of applications in the identification of volatile compounds. Its main limitation is the lack of retention data for all possible compounds. This is not... 

I. Spectroscopic Determinations. Gas-phase infrared spectra provide a useful adjunct to vapor pressure measurements in the identification of volatile materials. The cell illustrated in Fig. 9.15 allows the sample to be quantitatively returned to the vacuum line after the spectrum has been obtained, so the process is completely nondestructive. The primary problem with a gas cell is to obtain a vacuum-tight seal between the window material and the cell body this may be accomplished with Glyptal paint or with wax- If the latter is used, it is necessary to warm and cool the alkali halide windows slowly to avoid cracking them due to thermal stress. For this purpose an infrared lamp is handy. The most satisfactory method of attaching windows is O-rings because this allows the easy removal of the windows for cleaning and polishing. 

Bernier UR, Kline DL, Barnard DR, Schreck CE, Yost RA (2000) Analysis of Human Skin Emanations by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. 2. Identification of Volatile Compounds That Are Candidate Attractants for the Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes aegypti). Anal Chem 72 747... 

Guo, X., Sturgeon, R.E., Mester, Z. and Gardner, G.J. (2005) Photochemical alkylation of inorganic arsenic Part 1. Identification of volatile arsenic species. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 20(8), 702-8. 

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