Hypothalamic releasing

Houdouin, F., Cespuglio, R. 8r Jouvet, M. (1991). Effects induced by the electrical stimulation of the nucleus raphe dorsalis upon hypothalamic release of 5-hydroxyindole compounds and sleep parameters in the rat. Brain Res. 565, 48-56. 

The hypothalamic releasing factors regulate release of the anterior pituitary trophic hormones 844... 

The hypothalamic releasing factors regulate release of the anterior pituitary trophic hormones. As summarized in Figure 52-1, the releasing factors are produced in various neuronal groups within the hypothalamus and are transported to the median eminence for release into the portal circulation to the anterior pituitary. Neurons in the hypothalamus also produce the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin, which are released by the posterior pituitary into the blood. Therefore, it is not surprising that behavior and experience, which influence the hypothalamus, sometimes alter the secretion of these hypothalamic releasing factors and hormones. 

Neuropeptides are often grouped by their structural similarity or tissue source. Among these are the hypothalamic releasing factors (e.g., corticotrophin-releasing factor [CRF], thyrotropin-releasing hormone), anteior pituitary hormones (e.g., adrenocorticotrophic hormone [ACTFI], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSFI]), and posterior pituitary hormones... 

The hypothalamic releasing hormones are peptides. They reach their target cells in the AH lobe by way of a portal vascular route consisting of two serially connected capillary beds. The first of these lies in the hypophyseal stalk, the second corresponds to the capillary bed of the AH lobe. Here, the hypothalamic hormones diffuse from the blood to their target cells, whose activity they control. Hormones released from the AH cells enter the blood, in which they are distributed to peripheral organs (1),... 

Hypothalamic releasing hormones are mostly administered (parenterally) for diagnostic reasons to test AH func-tioa... 

Anterior part produces its own hormones in response to hypothalamic releasing hormones, e.g., adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH, luteinizing hormone LH, follicle-stimulating hormone FSH, prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH Thyroid Regulation of metabolism, development, and maturation... 

Ascoli, M., and D.L. Segaloff, Adenohy-pophyseal hormones and their hypothalamic releasing factors. In Goodman Gilman s 9" edition. J.E. Hardman and L.E. Limbird, eds. McGraw-Hill, NY. NY, 1996. pp. 1363-82. 

The testes and ovaries synthesize hormones necessary for physical development and reproduction. A single hypothalamic-releasing factor, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, stimulates the anterior pituitary to release the glycoproteins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and... 

Guillemin R. Hypothalamic hormones a.k.a. hypothalamic releasing factors. J Endocrinol. 2005 184 11-28. 

Parker KL, Schimmer BO. Pituitary hormones and their hypothalamic releasing factors. In Brunton LL, et al, eds. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. New York McGraw-Hill 2006. 

Explain the arrangement of the hypothalamus-pituitary hormone system, including the function of hypothalamic release and release inhibitory factors tropic and nontropic hormones elaborated by the anterior, intermediary, and posterior pituitary their chemical natures and their effects on target tissues. Understand the short- and long-loop control mechanisms for hormone secretion. 

Table 16.1 Hormones of the Anterior and Intermediate Pituitary Gland and Their Hypothalamic Release and Release-Inhibiting Factors... 

Examples of the use of analytical-scale column systems for the small-scale (i.e., 1 fig to 1 mg) preparative separation of peptides include the extraordinarily potent opoid peptide, dynorphin (I4S) insulin A-, B-, and C-chain peptides (24, 72) j8-chain peptides of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (8) endorphins (28,60, 126, 137), adrenocorticotropic peptides in plasma, pituitary, and other endocrine glands or secreted from tumor cells iVt vitro (84, I2S, 127, 138, 142. I Si) hypothalamic releasing factors... 

Man) of the pituitat) hormones and their hypothalamic releasing factors are used in diagnosis or therapy. 

Ascoll, M. ef al. (1996) Adenohypophyseal hormones and their hypothalamic releasing factors, in The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th edn, (eds J.G. Hardman et a/.). McGraw-Hill, New York, chapter 55. pp. 1363-1382. 

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