Hyperglycemia with corticosteroids

In addition to pituitary-adrenal suppression, prolonged therapy with corticosteroids can cause fluid and electrolyte disturbances, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and glycosuria. It also increases the susceptibility to infections including tuberculosis causes... 

Short-term adverse effects from corticosteroids include fluid retention, hyperglycemia, central nervous system stimulation, weight gain, and increased risk of infection. Patients with diabetes should have blood glucose levels monitored carefully during the corticosteroid course. 

Prednisone -corticosteroid -leukocytosis -nausea and vomiting indigestion -anorexia or increased appetite -CNS effects (depression, anxiety, euphoria, insomnia, psychosis, confusion) -fluid retention -hyperglycemia -osteoporosis -acne -adrenal insufficiency with prolonged use... 

Hyperglycemia - A total of 32% of daclizumab-treated patients (16% for placebo) had high fasting blood-glucose values. Most of these high values occurred either on the first day post-transplant when patients received high doses of corticosteroids or in patients with diabetes. 

Systemic effects Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids has produced reversible HPA axis suppression, Cushing syndrome, hyperglycemia, and glycosuria. As a general rule, little effect on the HPA axis will occur with a potent topical corticosteroid in amounts of less than 50 g weekly for an adult and 15 g weekly for a... 

Adverse reactions of corticosteroids are frequent with the long-term immunosuppressive regimens which are often needed and include an increased risk of infections, Cushing-like symptoms, hypertension, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, growth retardation in children and mental reactions such as dysphoria, psychosis and depression. 

Corticosteroids Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone used alone are effective against mildly to moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Their antiemetic mechanism is not known, but may involve blockade of prostaglandins. These drugs can cause insomnia and hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. 

Systemic consequences of topical corticosteroid use include risk of suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hyperglycemia, and development of Cushingoid features. Avoidance of prolonged therapy with very-high-potency agents minimizes the risk of these adverse effects. Tachyphylaxis and rebound flare of psoriasis after abrupt cessation of topical corticosteroid therapy may also occur. With proper monitoring, topical corticosteroids are a safe and effective adjunctive approach to psoriasis treatment. 

In clinical chemistry, the variations of the Na concentration level in the extracellular fluid are interpreted as follows [3] (1) The level of Na" is elevated in dehydration (water deficit), central nervous system trauma or disease, and hyperadrenocorticism with hyperaldosteronism or corticosterone of corticosteroid excess. (2) A decrement of the Na level is observed in adrenal insufficiency, in renal insufficiency (especially with inadequate Na intake), in renal tubular acidosis as a physiological response to trauma and bums (Na shifts into cells), in unusual losses via the gastrointestinal tract as in acute or chronic diarrhea or intestinal obstruction or fistula, and in unusual sweating with inadequate sodium replacement. In some patients with edema associated with cardiac or renal disease, seram Na concentration is low, even though total body sodium content is greater than normal water retention (excess antidiuretic hormone, ADH) and abnormal distribution of sodium between intracellular and extracellular fluid contribute to this paradoxical situation. Hyperglycemia occasionally results in a shift of intracellular water to the extracellular... 

Inherited illnesses which are caused by abnormalities in the adrenal cortex are known. Hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex and the changing of their function was found in mice with inherited obesity and hyperglycemia (ob/ob). Increased levels of corticosteroids in blood plasma were found in obese animals (compared to normal). Both strains respond similarly to stress and the intravenous injection of ACTH — the elevation of serum corticosteroids. However, the half-life of hormones in obese animals was shorter (Naeser, 1974). 

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