Hydrophobic fatty amines

Fig. 10. The leh-hand diagram shows an organic superlattice with a unique polar axis. The two types of molecule involved could be a fatty acid and a fatty amine. The insert is designed to show that these two materials have dipole moments in opposite senses with respect lo the hydrophobic chain. Thus, the V-lype film has a resultant dipole moment...

Hydrophobicity of an inhibitor and critical micelle concentrations of the inhibitor in forming micelles have been found60 to play a significant role in the case of substituted imidazoles, imidazolines and fatty amines and these correlations do not take into account the electronic interactions. This correlation is based on Hansch s model of drug-receptor interactions based on transport of drug/inhibitor to the site followed by interaction at the site. 

A potential substrate entryway (which presents anphipathic residues possibly to accommodate polar substrate head groups towards the FAAH active site) has been identified next to a-18 and a-19 helices, and it may indicate direct connection between the FAAH active site and the hydrophobic membrane bilayer. The mode for membrane binding of FAAH may facilitate movement of the FAA substrates directly from the bilayer to the active site, with no need for transport of these lipids through the aqueous cytosol. In this model, the substrate would first enter via the membrane to the active site following hydrolysis, the released fatty acid (hydrophobic) and amine (hydrophilic) products would then exit through the membrane-access and cytosolic-access channels, respectively. Moreover, the cytoplasmic port may serve the additional function of providing a way for a water molecule required for deacylation of the FAA-FAAH acyl-enzyme intermediate, which has been already characterized by LC-MS (Patricelli and Cravatt., 1999). 

Chem. Descrip. Amorphous hydrophobic fatty acid amine wax Uses Surf, modifier, surf. tens, modifier for solv.- and water-based coat-... 

Uses Emulsifier for fatty amines, amides, oils, soivs., waxes antistat, lubricant for wool carding, textile spin finishes lubricant for hydrophobic fibers solubilizer, emulsifier in detergents, personal care food-pkg. adhesives, coatings, paper, cellophane emulsifier in mfg. offood-contact articles defoamer in food-contact coatings, paper/paperboard Trade Names Nuosperse FN 265 Surfonic L68-18... 

The basic physico-chemical properties of the fatty amine surfactants drive their utilities as adjuvants. Such molecules consist of a water-insoluble hydrophobic unit, in this case derived from tallow fatty acid. The water-soluble unit of the molecules consist of two chains of polymeric alkoxides, in these cases ethylene oxide and/or another alkylene oxide, such as propylene oxide. A nitrogen atom in the middle of the molecule connects the water-soluble and water-insoluble parts. Due to the electronic properties of nitrogen with respect to the carbon atom connectors which are usual in surfactants, the molecule has an overall cationic character, thus resulting in improved substantivity (adherence) to the leaf surface. 

These latter species, based on fatty amines or fatty amidoamines, also have a reversed structure in which the nitrogen has become the coupling group to the hydrophobic chain and the phosphorus is at the end of the hydrophile. Currently, no significant advantage has been demonstrated favoring either molecular array. 

The introduction, before spinning, of hydrophobic (e.g., polysiloxane) or hydrophilic agents (alkoxylated fatty amines, primary fatty acid amines) confer to the PO fibers and to the articles made of them the desired properties [72-76]. 

Fatty amine derivatives act not only as emulsifiers but can also act as adhesion promoters in hot-mix applications. As an adhesion promoter the surfactant is attracted to the surface of the aggregate to provide a more hydrophobic surface for the asphalt to bond to. In some cases it may also displace moisture Ifom the surface of the aggregate. The improved adhesion of the asphalt to the aggregate leads to a stronger and more durable road surface. 

A very similar colorimetric discrimination of amines was reported for a system that employs a dicyanomethylene-2-chloro-3-amino-indene dye as a signaling reporter and a hydrophobized (trimethylsilylated) mesoporons MCM-41-type solid. The same conceptnal idea was also followed for a hybrid ensemble that contains a styrylpyrylinm derivative anchored at the walls of hydrophobized mesopores. In this case, the sensory material changes its eolor from bine to red by reaction with primary amines. As a remarkable feature, the styrylpyrylium-appended hydrophobized mesoporous solid was able to react with biogenic amines such as histamine from fish extracts and remained silent in the presence of amino acids or long-chain fatty amines. ... 

In some applications nonionic - surfactants (- fatty alcohol ethoxylates), which show the phenomenon of a cloud point, are used. Above their cloud point they act as defoamers, but below they may even act as foam stabilizers. Another special d. is silica that is made hydrophobic by treating it with - fatty amines. All these ingredients are used in solid or liquid (emulsion) form, with emulsifier to enhance dispersion. 

Off-shore accidents, e.g., tanker collisions, may cause oil spills. Surfactants of various structure and absorbants that are made hydrophobic by treatment with, e. g., fatty amines are used. 

Adsorption. The protein is inunobilized on an LB film by electrostatic, H bonding, and/or hydrophobic interactions. This has been used to produce biosensors based around glucose oxidase (GOx), monoamine oxidase, urease, alcohol dehydrogenase, choline oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and luciferase adsorbed onto fatty acid, fatty amine, phospholipid, polyelectrolyte, and polymerizable surfactant LB/LS films [57-67]. 

Most LB-forming amphiphiles have hydrophobic tails, leaving a very hydrophobic surface. In order to introduce polarity to the final surface, one needs to incorporate bipolar components that would not normally form LB films on their own. Berg and co-workers have partly surmounted this problem with two- and three-component mixtures of fatty acids, amines, and bipolar alcohols [175, 176]. Interestingly, the type of deposition depends on the contact angle of the substrate, and, thus, when relatively polar monolayers are formed, they are deposited as Z-type multilayers. Phase-separated LB films of hydrocarbon-fluorocarbon mixtures provide selective adsorption sites for macromolecules, due to the formation of a step site at the domain boundary [177]. 

Ethoxylation of alkyl amine ethoxylates is an economical route to obtain the variety of properties required by numerous and sometimes smaH-volume industrial uses of cationic surfactants. Commercial amine ethoxylates shown in Tables 27 and 28 are derived from linear alkyl amines, ahphatic /-alkyl amines, and rosin (dehydroabietyl) amines. Despite the variety of chemical stmctures, the amine ethoxylates tend to have similar properties. In general, they are yellow or amber Hquids or yellowish low melting soHds. Specific gravity at room temperature ranges from 0.9 to 1.15, and they are soluble in acidic media. Higher ethoxylation promotes solubiUty in neutral and alkaline media. The lower ethoxylates form insoluble salts with fatty acids and other anionic surfactants. Salts of higher ethoxylates are soluble, however. Oil solubiUty decreases with increasing ethylene oxide content but many ethoxylates with a fairly even hydrophilic—hydrophobic balance show appreciable oil solubiUty and are used as solutes in the oil phase. 

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