Hydroiodic reaction with

Reaction with Halogen Nucleophiles. Hydrochloric acid [7647-01-0] hydrobromic acid [10035-10-6] and hydroiodic acid [10034-85-2] react readily with ethyleneimine (3) to give the corresponding P-halogenoethylamines (20,21). 

Lithium Iodide. Lithium iodide [10377-51 -2/, Lil, is the most difficult lithium halide to prepare and has few appHcations. Aqueous solutions of the salt can be prepared by carehil neutralization of hydroiodic acid with lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide. Concentration of the aqueous solution leads successively to the trihydrate [7790-22-9] dihydrate [17023-25-5] and monohydrate [17023-24 ] which melt congmendy at 75, 79, and 130°C, respectively. The anhydrous salt can be obtained by carehil removal of water under vacuum, but because of the strong tendency to oxidize and eliminate iodine which occurs on heating the salt ia air, it is often prepared from reactions of lithium metal or lithium hydride with iodine ia organic solvents. The salt is extremely soluble ia water (62.6 wt % at 25°C) (59) and the solutions have extremely low vapor pressures (60). Lithium iodide is used as an electrolyte ia selected lithium battery appHcations, where it is formed in situ from reaction of lithium metal with iodine. It can also be a component of low melting molten salts and as a catalyst ia aldol condensations. 

Other Reactions. Primary amyl alcohols can be halogenated to the corresponding chlorides by reaction with hydrogen chloride in hexamethylphosphoramide (87). Neopentyl chloride [753-89-9] is formed without contamination by rearrangement products. A convenient method for preparing / f/-amyl bromide and iodide involves reaction of / f/-amyl alcohol with hydrobromic or hydroiodic acid in the presence of Li or Ca haUde (88). The metal haUdes increase the yields (85 —95%) and product purity. 

When treated with aluminum bromide at 100°C, carbon tetrachloride is converted to carbon tetrabromide [558-13-4], reaction with calcium iodide, Cal2, at 75°C gives carbon tetraiodide [507-25-5]. With concentrated hydroiodic acid at 130°C, iodoform [75-47-8], CHI, is produced. Carbon tetrachloride is unaffected by gaseous fluorine at ordinary temperatures. Replacement of its chlorine by fluorine is brought about by reaction with hydrogen fluoride at a... 

Ibuprofen Ibuprofen, 2-(4-iTo-butylphenyl)propionic acid (3.2.23), can be synthesized by various methods [88-98]. The simplest way to synthesize ibuprofen is by the acylation of Mo-butylbenzol by acetyl chloride. The resulting iTo-butylbenzophenone (3.2.21) is reacted with sodium cyanide, giving oxynitrile (3.2.22), which upon reaction with hydroiodic acid in the presence of phosphorus is converted into 2-(4-iTo-butylphenyl)pro-pionic acid (3.2.23), which subsequently undergoes phases of dehydration, reduction, and hydrolysis. 

Two years later, the same group reported a formal synthesis of ellipticine (228) using 6-benzyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-f>]carbazole-5,ll-quinone (6-benzylellipticine quinone) (1241) as intermediate (716). The optimized conditions, reaction of 1.2 equivalents of 3-bromo-4-lithiopyridine (1238) with M-benzylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (852) at —96°C, led regioselectively to the 2-acylindole-3-carboxylic acid 1233 in 42% yield. Compound 1233 was converted to the corresponding amide 1239 by treatment with oxalyl chloride, followed by diethylamine. The ketone 1239 was reduced to the corresponding alcohol 1240 by reaction with sodium borohydride. Reaction of the alcohol 1240 with f-butyllithium led to the desired 6-benzylellipticine quinone (1241), along with a debrominated alcohol 1242, in 40% and 19% yield, respectively. 6-Benzylellipticine quinone (1241) was transformed to 6-benzylellipticine (1243) in 38% yield by treatment with methyllithium, then hydroiodic acid, followed... 

DOT CLASSIFICATION Forbidden SAFETY PROFILE Explodes violently when superheated. The barium salt is heat-and impact-sensitive. Explosive reaction with hydroiodic acid or finely divided silver. When heated to decomposition it emits... 

Explosive reaction with chlorosulfuric acid, hydroiodic acid, magnesium perchlorate, chromyl chloride. Forms sensitive explosive mixtures with metal halogenates (e.g., chlorates, bromates, or iodates of barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc), ammonium nitrate, mercury(1) nitrate, silver nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium permanganate. Violent reaction or ignition with alkalies + heat, fluorine, chlorine, liquid bromine, antimony pentachloride. Reacts with hot alkalies or hydroiodic acid to form... 

Diorgano tellurium oxides react with hydrohalic acids by regenerating the diorgano tellurium dihalides, the common starting materials for the preparation of diorgano tellurium oxides. The reactions with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid , and hydroiodic acid, therefore, are not of synthetic importance. The reaction with hydrofluoric acid , however, is a convenient way of preparing diorgano tellurium difluorides. 

PR Reaction of concentrated hydroiodic acid with WClg at 100 °C. 

Reducing agents such as hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, hypophosphorus acid, and hydrazine can be utilized in this reaction. Sulfonyl chloride group (S02C1), the most common starting chemical moiety, can be prepared from the sulfonic acid group by reaction with phosphorus pentachloride or phosphorus trichloride and chlorine (18, 20, 21, 36, 37,... 

Metocurine iodide may be prepared by the treatment of fi -tubocurarine with methyl iodide to effeet methylation, followed by reaction with bimolar coneentration of hydroiodic acid to form the offieial eompound. 

C]Methyl iodide (O Fig. 41.5) has been the most versatile of the secondary precursors (Bolton 2001). It can he prepared hy reduction of [ C] carhon dioxide with lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofiiran or diethyl ether, followed hy reaction with hydroiodic acid (Langstrom and Lundqvist 1976 Crouzel et al. 1987a). 

To get a better plot they needed to interrupt the reaction at will and to analyze the quantity of substances reacted at time of interruption So they considered another reaction the oxidation of hydroiodic acid with hydrogen peroxide in presence of definite quantities of thiosulfate and a starch indicator. They measured the time passed before the appearance of blue solutions after the consumption of thiosulfate. In this way they confirmed precisely the logarithmic trend and published their results (Harcourt Esson, 1867). 

EXAMPLE 14.3 Writing Equations for Acid Reactions Write an equation for (a) The reaction of hydroiodic acid with potassium metal (b) The reaction of hydrobromic acid with sodium oxide ... 

Finally, balance the equation. FOR PRACTICE 4.15 Write a molecular equation for the gas-evolution reac when you mix aqueous hydrobromic acid and aqueou FOR MORE PRACTICE 4.15 Write a net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs hydroiodic acid with calcium sulfide. 2HN03(fl ) Na2CO3(flg) H2O(0 + C02(g) + 2NaN03(a ) tion that occurs s potassium sulfite. when you mix... 

Hydroiodic acid, the colorless solution formed when hydrogen iodide gas dissolves in water, is prepared by reaction of iodine with hydrogen sulfide or hydrazine or by an electrolytic method. Typically commercial hydroiodic acid contains 40—55% HI. Hydroiodic acid is used in the preparation of iodides and many organic iodo compounds. 

The aHphatic iodine derivatives are usually prepared by reaction of an alcohol with hydroiodic acid or phosphoms trHodide by reaction of iodine, an alcohol, and red phosphoms addition of iodine monochloride, monobromide, or iodine to an olefin replacement reaction by heating the chlorine or bromine compound with an alkaH iodide ia a suitable solvent and the reaction of triphenyl phosphite with methyl iodide and an alcohol. The aromatic iodine derivatives are prepared by reacting iodine and the aromatic system with oxidising agents such as nitric acid, filming sulfuric acid, or mercuric oxide. 

Methylene iodide [75-11-6], CH2I2, also known as diio dome thane, mol wt 267.87, 94.76% I, mp 6.0°C, and bp 181°C, is a very heavy colorless Hquid. It has a density of 3.325 g/mL at 20°C and a refractive index of 1.7538 at 4°C. It darkens in contact with air, moisture, and light. Its solubiHty in water is 1.42 g/100 g H2O at 20°C it is soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ben2ene, and ether. Methylene iodide is prepared by reaction of sodium arsenite and iodoform with sodium hydroxide reaction of iodine, sodium ethoxide, and hydroiodic acid on iodoform the oxidation of iodoacetic acid with potassium persulfate and by reaction of potassium iodide and methylene chloride (124,125). Diiodoform is used for determining the density and refractive index of minerals. It is also used as a starting material in the manufacture of x-ray contrast media and other synthetic pharmaceuticals (qv). 

The reaction proceeds quantitatively and the hydroiodic acid can be removed by repeated distillation at 5.3 kPa (40 mm Hg), leaving pure H2PO2 as the product. Phosphinic acid may also be prepared by the treatment of barium hypophosphite [14871-79-5] with a stoichiometric quantity of sulfuric acid to precipitate barium sulfate. 

Aluminum iodide [7884-23-8] AIL, is a crystalline soHd with a melting poiat of 191°C. The presence of free iodine ia the anhydrous form causes the platelets to be yellow or brown. The specific gravity of this soHd is 3.98 at 25°C. Aluminum iodide hexahydrate [10090-53-6] AIL -6H20, and aluminum iodide pentadecahydrate [65016-30-0], AIL -15H20, are precipitated from aqueous solution. They may be prepared by the reaction of hydroiodic acid [10034-85-2], HI, with aluminum or aluminum hydroxide. 

Organoacyloxysdanes are also produced by reaction of organosdanes with carboxyUc acids in the presence of strong mineral acids, eg, sulfuric and hydroiodic acids. TriaLkylacyloxysilanes have been obtained in 81—87% yield from monocarboxyUc acids in the presence of aluminum and iodine. 

Hydroiodic acid (HI) possesses strong reducing characteristics which renders the oxidation with iodine into a reversible reaction as follows ... 

Since similar compounds are found in the reaction of the same diene with hydroiodic acid, it has been assumed that the monoiodides were formed by electrophilic addition of HI, which may be due to proton elimination from the first formed ion pair intermediate (equation 80). 

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