Reaction with hydrogen chloride

Inorganic glass systems, 12 568t Inorganic halogen compounds, hydrogen chloride reaction with, 13 820 Inorganic hollow-fiber membranes, 16 23-24... 

C. E. Weinell, P. I. Jensen, K. Dam-Johansen, and H. Livbjerg, Hydrogen chloride reaction with lime and limestone kinetics and sorption capacity, Ind. Eng. Chem., 31, 164-171 (1992). 

DCE vapors form explosive mixtures with air within the range 7.3-16.0% by volume in air. It polymerizes at elevated temperatures. If polymerization occurs in a closed container, the container may rupture violently. Polymerization is inhibited in the presence of 200 ppm of hydroquinone monomethyl ether (Aldrich 1997). It forms a white deposit of peroxide on long standing which may explode. It decomposes when involved in fire, producing toxic hydrogen chloride. Reactions with concentrated mineral acids are exothermic. 

However, hydrogen chloride gas, obtained as a by-product in chlorination reactions, is commercially converted to chlorine by passing the hydrogen chloride mixed with air over a copper catalyst at a temperature of 600-670K when the following reaction occurs ... 

Reaction with Occgacids and Salts. Hydrogen chloride reacts with sulfur trioxide yielding Hquid chlorosulfuric acid [7790-94-5] (qv). 

Bromination of isoprene using Br2 at —5 ° C in chloroform yields only /n j -l,4-dibromo-2-methyl-2-butene (59). Dry hydrogen chloride reacts with one-third excess of isoprene at —15 ° C to form the 1,2-addition product, 2-chloro-2-methyl-3-butene (60). When an equimolar amount of HCl is used, the principal product is the 1,4-addition product, l-chloro-3-methyl-2-butene (61). The mechanism of addition is essentially all 1,2 with a subsequent isomerization step which is catalyzed by HCl and is responsible for the formation of the 1,4-product (60). The 3,4-product, 3-bromo-2-methyl-1-butene, is obtained by the reaction of isoprene with 50% HBr in the presence of cuprous bromide (59). Isoprene reacts with the reactive halogen of 3-chlorocyclopentene (62). 

Because tertiary alcohols are so readily converted to chlorides with hydrogen chloride, thionyl chloride is used mainly to prepare primary and secondary alkyl chlorides. Reactions with thionyl chloride are nonrrally carried out in the presence of potassium carbonate or the weak organic base pyridine. 

A solution of 0.1 mol of 1-cyclohexylamino-2-propanol in 30 grams of chloroform was saturated with dry hydrogen chloride gas, with cooling. A solution of 0.1 mol of benzoyl chloride in 30 grams of chloroform was added and the solution was heated in a bath at 50° to 55°C for four days under a reflux condenser protected from atmospheric moisture. Then the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation while the mixture was warmed on a water bath. Benzene was then added to the syrupy residue and the reaction product crystal lized out after the benzene was removed by vacuum distillation. 

Surface modification reactions are used to improve the wettability of glass surfaces by polar stationary phases and to Improve the extent of deactivation by sllylation" [138-146,166]. Miaaiuua procedures have been investigated but only a few are in use. Of these, the most important reactions are etching by hydrogen chloride, leaching with aqueous hydrochloric acid, formation of whiskers and solution deposition of a layer of solid particles. Because of the high purity and thinness of the... 

Benzoyl chloride, reaction with hydrogen fluoride, 45, 4... 

Benzophenone, 46, 36 N-(2-Benzothiazolyl)urea, 46, 72 Benzoyl chloride, reaction with hydrogen fluoride, 46, 4 Benzoyl fluoride, 46, 3 Benzoylhydrazine, 46, 8S Benzoyl peroxide, reaction with diethyl ethylmalonate, 45, 37 2-Benzyl-2-carbomethoxycyclopenta-none, 45, 7... 

The oxidation of 3H- 1,2-benzodiazepines (90 R = Hor Me) with MCPB A gave both (91) and (92). The former have proved useful as precursors for 3-substituted 1,2-benzodiazepines via treatment with bases or acids. Thus (91) on reaction with alkoxides (R -) and CH(C02Et)2 gave respectively (93 X = OR1) and (93 X = CH(C02Et)2) in ca. 70% yields, and treatment with hydrogen chloride and with acetic acid gave (93 X = C1) and (94) respectively (78CPB1896). 

---