Equation molecular

Based on this chemical equation, the metal cations seem to exchange anions. That is, the Pb ion, originally paired with NO J ions, ends up paired with 1 ions similarly, each Na ion, originally paired with an V ion, ends up paired with an NO ion. This equation, as written, is called a molecular equation, which is a chemical equation written with all compounds represented 

You now know enough chemistiy to predict the products of this type of chemical reaction Simply write the formulas for the reactants, and then write formulas for the compounds that would form if the cations in the reactants were to trade anions. For example, if yon want to write the equation for the reaction that occurs when solutions of sodinm sulfate and barium hydroxide are combined, you would first write the formulas of the reactants [M Section 2.7]  

Then you would write the formula for one product by combining the cation from the first reactant (Na ) with the anion from the second (OH ) and write the formula for the other product by combining the cation from the second reactant (Ba ) with the anion from the first (SO4 ). Thus, the equation is 

Although we have balanced the equation Section 3.3], we have not yet put phases in parentheses for the products. 

The final step in predicting the outcome of such a reaction is to determine which of the products, if any, will precipitate from solution. We do this using the solubihty guideUnes for ionic compounds (Tables 4.2 and 4.3). The first product (NaOH) contains a Group lA cation (Na ) and will therefore be soluble. We indicate its phase as aq). The second product (BaS04) contains the sulfate ion (SO4 ). Sulfate compounds are soluble unless the cation is Ag, Hg, Pb, Ca, Sr, or Ba. BaS04 is therefore insoluble and will precipitate. We indicate its phase as (s)  

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Students choose five of the eight reactions. Only the answers in the boxes are graded (unless clearly marked otherwise). Each correct answer earns 3 points, 1 point for reactants and 2 points for products. All products must be correct to earn both product points. Equations do not need to be balanced and phases need not be indicated. Any spectator ions on the reactant side nullify the 1 possible reactant point, but if they appear again on the product side, there is no product-point penalty. A fully molecular equation (when it should be ionic) earns a maximum of 1 point. Ion charges must be correct. 

In a molecular equation, we pretend that everything is a molecule (a nonelectrolyte). Molecular equations are quite useful when doing reaction stoichiometry problems. 

These are the balanced molecular equations. We have omitted the phase designations in order to enhance the readability in this book. In generally, you should use them. 

You can go back and add these phase designations to the original balanced molecular equations. The (aq) designation will go with each compound that you separated into ions. The resultant molecular equations are ... 

You will notice that in the second reaction, all species cancel. This will require us to amend our molecular equation to ... 

To get to the molecular equation we must put the ions in the above reactions into their original compounds. 

Completing the reactants requires the addition of the following ions reaction 1, 2 Cl- reaction 2,2 Hr reaction 3,2 C2H302 reaction 4, no ions reaction 5, 2 OH-. To balance the reactions we add these ions to the other side of the reaction arrow and combine with the cations present on the other side. This gives the molecular equations. 

To convert a molecular equation to an ionic equation, you must separate all electrolytes. 

There are several ways of representing reactions that occur in water. Suppose, for example, that we were writing the equation to describe the mixing of a lead(II) nitrate solution with a sodium sulfate solution and showing the resulting formation of solid lead(II) sulfate. One type of equation that can be written is the molecular equation, in which both the reactants and products are shown in the undissociated form ... 

In the molecular equation, the reactants and products are shown in their undissociated/unionized form the ionic equation shows the strong electrolytes in the form of ions the net ionic equation drops out all spectator ions and shows only those species that are undergoing chemical change. 

Iron(lll) sulfate may be prepared by oxidation of iron(ll) sulfate by hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid or any other suitable oxidizing agent. The reaction is carried out in sulfuric acid. Balanced molecular equations for the reactions with hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid are as follows ... 

Iron(III) sulfate may be reduced to +2 oxidation state of the metal in solution in the presence of common reducing agents. For example, reaction with zinc in sulfuric acid can produce iron(II) sulfate. The molecular equation is as follows ... 

Tin, in the presence of hydrochloric acid, reduces nitric oxide to hydroxyl-amine. The overall molecular equation may be as follows ... 

Potassium permanganate reacts with hydrogen peroxide in dilute sulfuric acid to form manganous sulfate, potassium sulfate, and evolving oxygen. A molecular equation for this reaction is ... 

Potassium permanganate oxidizes oxalic acid evolving carbon dioxide. This reaction is often used to standardize KMn04 solutions. A molecular equation is ... 

Also, telluric acid can be prepared by oxidation of tellurium or tellurium dioxide with a strong oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, chromic acid, or potassium permanganate in nitric acid. Molecular equations for overall reactions are shown helow ... 

Mole number of C-12 atoms in exactly 12 grams of C-12 equal to 6.022 X 10, a quantity of substance equal to the molar mass expressed in grams Molecular Equation a reaction in which the reactants and products are expressed as molecules or whole units rather than as ions... 

The cavity of the CDs approaches the shape of a truncated cone, reaching its maximum diameter at the wider opening. In contrast to this, the cavity of the CB s has the shape of a barrel and its maximum diameter is located at the molecular equator. The inner surface of the cavity has hydrophobic character in both host families, but... 

In this section, we discuss briefly how the Langevin equation, which is a stochastic equation, can be derived from the molecular equations of motion. The stochastic model described by the Langevin equation has been of great use in interpreting a large number of experiments and physical systems. The stochastic model is extremely simple but, as always, its ultimate justification rests on the molecular dynamical laws. 

After we have developed an ionic equation for an electron-transfer reaction, we frequently need to show the molecules involved in the solutions—that is, the substances that are initially put into the solution, and those that are obtained from it after the reaction has occurred. We must have such molecular equations if stoichiometric calculations are to be made. 

We can use the ionic equation to write the molecular equation of the same reaction, keeping in mind that every ion of the original substances was obtained from some acid, base, or salt, and that every ion in the products must be shown as the salt, base, or acid that would be obtained if the solution were evaporated to dryness. 

Metallic copper is oxidized by dilute nitric acid. Write ionic and molecular equations for the reaction. 

Write balanced molecular equations for the reactions in Problem 4. Use potassium salts of the negative ions and sulfate salts of the positive ions for... 

The differences between the cluster skeletons of the three molecules of 2 are very small with the mean values of the Ru-Ru distances being similar and the mean Ru-C(carbide) distances being identical. The most notable differences between the structures arise from the orientation of the tricarbonyl units attached to the apical Ru atoms above and below the molecular equator of the octahedral cluster (the molecular equator is defined as the Ru4 plane in which the bridging carbonyl ligand is present). The two tricarbonyl units are almost exactly staggered in the crystal obtained from benzene, whereas they approach an eclipsed conformation in the other polymorph. Although the 13C-NMR spectrum of 2 has not been recorded in solution (or in the solid state), it is not unreasonable to anticipate that... 

The solid-state structure of 102 reveals that the C4Ph4 ring is coordinated to a Ru atom on the apex of the cluster octahedron, and one of the Ru-Ru edges between this Ru atom and a Ru atom on the cluster molecular equator is longer than that usually considered to constitute a Ru-Ru bond,... 

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