Reaction butyl hydrogen sulfate production

Oxidation of thiophene and its derivatives was studied using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), t-butyl-hydroperoxide and Ti-Beta redox molecular sieve as selective oxidation catalysts. A new reaction pathway was discovered and investigated using C-13 NMR, GC, GC-MS, HPLC, ion chromatography, and XANES. The thiophene oxidized to thiophene-sesquioxide [3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-epithiobenzo[b]-thiophene 1,1.8-trioxide] and the sesquioxide oxidized mostly to sulfate. 2-Methyl-thiophene and 2,5 dimethylthiophene also oxidized to sulfate and sulfone products. The Benzothiophene oxidation product was sulfone. This proposed new reaction pathway is different from prior literature, which reported the formation of thiophene 1,1-dioxide (sulfone ) as a stable oxidation product... 

Methyl terf-butyl ether (MTBE) is an important industrial product used as oxygenate additive in reformulated gasoline. Environmental concern makes its future uncertain, however. Although mainly manufactured by reaction of isobutylene with methanol, it is also produced commercially from methanol and fcrr-butyl alcohol, a by-product of propylene oxide manufacture. Numerous observations from the use of heteropoly acids have been reported. These compounds were used either as neat acids [74], or supported on oxides [75], silica or K-10 montmorillonite [76]. They were also used in silica-included form [77] and as acidic cesium salts [74,77]. Other catalysts studied were sulfated ZrOj [76], Amberlyst 15 ion-exchange resin [76], HZSM-5 [76], HF-treated montmorillonite, and commercial mineral acid-activated clays [75]. Hydrogen fluoride-treatment of montmorillonite has been shown to furnish particularly active and stable acid sites thereby ensuring high MTBE selectivity (up to 94% at 413 K) [75]. 

Hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate react to produce hydroxyl radical (HO-), as reported in 1894 by English chemist H. J. H. Fenton. When tert-butyl alcohol is treated with HO- generated this way, it affords a crystalline reaction product X, mp 92 °C, which has these spectral properties ... 

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