Hydrochloric acid NaOH

Allidochlor is a liquid of pungent odour, slightly soluble in water. It is prepared by the reaction of diallylamine and chloroacetyl chloride in an inert solvent at 0°C. For the binding of hydrochloric acid NaOH is used (Hamm and Speziale, 1956a). 

Step 2 sodium hydroxide solution is neutralized hy hydrochloric acid NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) —> NaCl(aq) + H20(l) AH2 = -57 kj mol" The second pathway (direct pathway) involves one step. 

Step 3 solid sodium hydroxide is added directly to hydrochloric acid. NaOH(s) + HCKaq) NaCl(aq) + H20(l)... 

Hydrochloric acid extract. This will contain any basic components present. Render alkaline with 10-20% NaOH and extract with ether. ... 

For the HCI salt Do exactly as above except use 6N Hydrochloric Acid. 6N HCI may be produced by diluting 60.4mL of "Muriatic Acid" to lOOmL with distilled water. Evaporate the bubbler solution to dryness then add 15ml of water, lOmL 10% NaOH soln. and heat gently to a boil with constant motion until dense white fumes appear. This will remove the Ammonium Chloride. Remove from heat while stirring as it cools down. Pulverize the dry residue, then reflux with absolute Ethanol for several minutes. Filter the refluxed soln. on a heated Buchner or Hirsch funnel, then distill the alcohol off the filtrate until crystals just begin to form. Allow the soln. to cool naturally to room temperature, then cool further in an ice bath. Filter the solution on a chilled Buchner funnel with suction. The yield of Meth iamine Hydrochloride should be around 55% of the theoretical. 

In the determination of free formaldehyde in solution, eg, commercial reagents and pad bath formulation, the conditions of analysis allow hydrolysis of the /V-methy1o1 groups, usually between <1% and several percent. The NaOH formed is titrated with hydrochloric acid (82). Because of an incomplete reaction of sulfite with free formaldehyde, these low temperature methods (83) detect only 80—90% of the free formaldehyde present. Skill is important for correct results. 

The amine (Imol) is added to a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride (Imol) in concentrated hydrochloric acid (42mL) in ethanol (200mL, or less depending on the solubility of the double salt). The solution is stirred for Ih and the precipitated salt is filtered off and recrystallised from ethanol. The free base is recovered by adding excess of 5-ION NaOH (to dissolve the zinc hydroxide that separates) and is steam distilled. Mercuric chloride in hot water can be used instead of zinc chloride and the salt is crystallised from 1% hydrochloric acid. Other double salts have been used, e.g. cuprous salts, but are not as convenient as the above salts. 

To a solution of 20 parts of thiamine hydrochloride in 30 parts of water is added an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (7.2 parts of NaOH in 30 parts of water), and the mixture is cooled with water. The mixture is allowed to stand for 30 minutes, 60 parts of chloroform is added, followed by a solution of 30 parts of crude sodium tetrahydrofurfurylthiosulfate in 30 parts of water, and the whole is stirred for 30 minutes. The chloroform layer is separated and the aqueous layer is extracted twice with 20 parts of chloroform. All the chloroform solutions are combined and shaken with 50 parts of 5% hydrochloric acid. The acid solution is decolorized and neutralized with alkali carbonate, whereupon thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide separates out in the resinous state but soon solidifies [MP 129 (decomp.)]. The yield is 16 parts. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate gives colorless prisms melting at 132°C (decomp.). 

The pH is adjusted to 5.5 and the water phase separated and extracted with additional ether in order to remove the surplus dimethyl anilin. After addition of an excess of ammonia to the solution, the reaction product, N-methylpipecolic acid 2,6-dimethyl anilide, is recovered by extraction with isoamyl alcohol. The isoamyl alcohol solution is evaporated to dryness, the product dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid, treated with charcoal and reprecipitated with NaOH. N-methylpipecolic acid 2,6-dimethyl anilide is obtained in crystalline form. 

The temperature Is then raised to 170° to 200°C when the excess water and o-toluidine is gradually distilled off, finally maintaining the temperature at 180° to 200°C for 2 hours. After cooling to about 100°C dilute hydrochloric acid (3 parts) is added and the mixture boiled and stirred. The solution is then neutralized with NaOH with stirring and the product which separates is recrystallized twice from alcohol after decolorizing with carbon. Yield 70% of theoretical, MP 114° to 115°C. 

Upon completion of the addition, the mixture is agitated for 7 hours at ambient temperature. The solution is then poured into 3 liters of water/ice obtaining a clear solution of dark yellow color which is rendered alkaline upon phenolphthalein with 30% NaOH and extracted with ethyl ether to eliminate the majority of the pyridine. The mixture is filtered with active charcoal, the pH adjusted to 8 with hydrochloric acid 1 1 and extracted with chloroform to remove the 4,4 -dihydroxydiphenyl-(2-pyridyl)-methane which has not reacted. 

The solvents were evaporated in vacuo, and the residue was taken up in 80 ml of 3M hydrochloric acid. After addition of 220 ml of water, the insoluble material was filtered off, washed with 100 ml of water and then dried. The insoluble material weighed 9.5 g and was mainly unreacted bromo compound. The filtrate was reacted with 50 ml of 7 M NaOH, extracted three times with methylene chloride (50 m -t 2 x 25 ml portions), dried over potassium carbonate, and then evaporated. The yield of residue was 26.8 g which corresponds to 71.4% of the theoretical yield. This residue was a colorless solidifying oil and was dissolved in 200 ml chloroform. Hydrogen chloride was bubbled in until a sample of the solution tested acidic to wet pH indicator paper. A precipitate was obtained and recovered by filtration. The precipitate was washed with chloroform and dried. The melting point was determined to be from 246 Cto247.5°C. 

Reacting species A species that takes part in a reaction. When hydrochloric acid reacts with NaOH, the reacting species is the H+ ion, 83t Reaction... 

Stannic Oxide (White Tin Oxide, Tin Dioxide, Stannic Anhydride, Flowers of Tin Stannic Acid, Cassiterite). Sn02, mw 150.69, white powd, mp 1127°, bp 1800-1900° (subl), d 6.95 g/cc. Sol in coned sulfuric and coned hydrochloric acids, si sol in hot coned aq KOH or NaOH. Prepn is by reacting Sn with coned nitric acid (d 1.41 g/cc) on a w bath forming 0-stannic acid. The 0-stannic acid is then heated to a red heat and converted to Sn02. It is used as a chemical reagent and (see above) as an antifouling, flash and barrel wear reducing additive in propints... 

Gerhardt et al. [34] described three possible ways to prepare alkylphenol-polyglycol ether carboxylates, namely, the method with NaOH and SMCA, the method by oxidation by means of oxygen, and the method whereby the nonionic reacts with acrylonitrile followed by hydrolyses with hydrochloric acid. The synthesis with acrylonitrile forms in contrast to the other two methods, carboxyethylated compounds with the general formula... 

C18-0130. The titration of 25.0 mL of a mixture of hydrochloric acid and formic acid with 0.578 M NaOH gave the titration curve below. What are the molarities of HCl and HCO2 H in the solution ... 

Sodium hydroxide, 10% in water. Dissolve 10 g of NaOH in 100 mL of distilled water Lead acetate, 30% in water. Dissolve 30 g of acetate in 100 mL of distilled water Stannous chloride solution. Dissolve 40 g of reagent in 100 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid... 

Place the Erlenmeyer flask under the burette containing the NaOH. While swirling the flask, open the stopcock and begin to run some of the sodium hydroxide solution into the hydrochloric acid. CAUTION Do not touch the tip of the burette to the side of the flask, as illustrated in Figure A. 

An example of a chemical reaction with a measurable energy change is the reaction of an acid and a base. In this activity, you will determine whether the reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCI) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) absorbs or liberates heat. 

To balance a chemical equation, the chemical formulas for the reactants are first written on the left-hand side of the equation. For example, in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, the chemical formulas are HCl and NaOH, respectively. Remember that if an acid starts with the prefix hydro-, it is a binary acid. That means that hydrochloric acid is made up of only two... 

AAS = atomic absorption spectroscopy CdS04 = cadmium sulfate GC/ECD = electrochemical gas chromatographic detection GC/FPD = gas chromatography with flame photometric detection HC1 = hydrochloric acid H2S = hydrogen sulfide NaOH = sodium hydroxide NR = not reported PAS = photoacoustic spectroscopy... 

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