Hydride generation-flow injection-atomic

M. Burguera, J. L. Burguera, C. Rivas, P. Carrero, R. Brunetto and M. Gallignani, Time-based device used for the determination of tin by hydride generation flow injection atomic absorption techniques. Anal. Chim. Acta, 308(1-3), 1995, 339-348. 

A flow-injection system with electrochemical hydride generation and atomic absorption detection for the determination of arsenic is described. This technique has been developed in order to avoid the use sodium tetrahydroborate, which is capable of introducing contamination. The sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH ) - acid reduction technique has been widely used for hydride generation (HG) in atomic spectrometric analyses. However, this technique has certain disadvantages. The NaBH is capable of introducing contamination, is expensive and the aqueous solution is unstable and has to be prepared freshly each working day. In addition, the process is sensitive to interferences from coexisting ions. 

B. Hilligsoe and E. H. Hansen, Application of factorial designs and simplex optimisation in the development of flow injection-hydride generation-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HG-GFAAS) procedures as demonstrated for the determination of trace levels of germanium, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 358(7-8), 1997, 775-780. 

Pitts, L., PI. Worsfold, and J. Hill. 1994. Selenium speciation—a flow injection approach employing online microwave reduction followed by hydride generation-quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Analyst 119 2785-2788. 

Liu Y., Wang X., Yuan D., Yang P., Huang B. and Zhuang Z. (1992) Flow-injection-electrochemical hydride generation technique for atomic absorption spectrometry, J Anal At Spectrom 7 287-291. 

Application of factorial designs and simplex optimisation in the development of flow injection-hydride generation-graphite furnace atomic aljsorption spectrometry (FI-HG-GFAAS) procedures. 

Flow injection-hydride generation technique for atomic absorption spectrometry, J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 7 287-291. 

FLOW INJECTION ELECTROCHEMICAL HYDRIDE GENERATION ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY EOR THE DETERMINATION OE ARSENIC... 

Lab method using continuous flow or flow injection analysis hydride generation and atomic absorption spectrometry... 

Samanta G, Chakraborti D. 1996. Flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HG-AAS) and spectrophotometric methods for determination of lead in environmental samples. Environmental Technology 17(12) 1327-1337. 

Brzezinska-Paudyn et al. [124] compared results obtained in determinations of arsenic by conventional atomic emission spectrometry, flow-injection/hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic... 

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric analysis with flow-injection/hydride generation... 

These methods were used to determine arsenic in certified sediments (Table 12.15). Conventional inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry is satisfactory for all types of samples, but its usefulness was limited to concentrations of arsenic greater than 5pg g-1 dry weight. Better detection limits were achieved using the flow-injection-hydride generation inductively coupled plasma technique in which a coefficient of variation of about 2% for concentrations of lOpg g 1 were achieved. 

Samanta, G Chowdhury, T.R., Mandal, B.K. et al. (1999) Flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of arsenic in water and biological samples from arsenic-affected districts of West Bengal, India, and Bangladesh. Microchemical Journal, 62(1), 174-91. 

Jiminez de Bias et al. [32] have reported a method for the determination of total arsenic in soils based on hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry and flow injection analysis. The method gave good recoveries and had a detection limit below 1 ig/l for an injection volume of 160 pi... 

Compared with the ICP, other atomic spectrometric detectors are not widely coupled to HPLC. Several interfaces have been described for AAS detector. Methods include a rotating platinum spiral collection system (Ebdon et al., 1987) and a flow injection thermospray sample introduction system (Robinson and Choi, 1987). Post-column hydride generation is also popular with AAS detection as will be described later. Pedersen and Larsen (1997) used an anion-exchange column to separate selenomethionine, selenocysteine, selenite and selenate with both FAAS and ICP-MS. The detection limits for the FAAS system were lmg H1 compared with 1 fig l-1 for ICP-MS. HPLC-MIP systems have been described to an even lesser extent. These either use elaborate interfaces to overcome the problems of quenching the low-power plasma (Zhang and Carnahan, 1989) or use a modified argon/oxygen mixed gas plasma (Kollotzek et al., 1984). 

Cobo-Fernandez, M.G., Palacios, M.A. and Camara, C. (1993) Flow-injection and continuous-flow systems for the determination of Se (VI) and Se (IV) by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry with on-line prereduction of Se (IV) to Se (VI). Anal. Chim. Acta, 283, 386-392. 

Cabon, J.Y. and N. Cabon. 2000. Determination of arsenic species in seawater by flow injection hydride generation in situ collection followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Stability of As(III). Anal. Chim. Acta 418 19-31. 

Boron, Li, Mo, Pb, and Sb were determined in the standard mode, while Al, Cd, Co, Ni, Mn, Rb, Sb, Sn, and V were determined in the DRC mode. The determination of Ni was done with a gas flow of 0.15 ml min-1 of CH4, while for the other elements NH3 was used as cell gas at 0.4 ml min-1. The determination of Se by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HG-AAS) was carried out by means of the Perkin-Elmer FLAS 200 system, equipped with the Perkin-Elmer autosampler AS-90, and connected to an electrically heated quartz cell installed on a PerkinElmer absorption spectrometer AAS 4100. The analytical conditions are given in Table 10.3. 

J. L. Burguera, P. Carrero, M. Burguera, C. Rondon, M. R. Brunette, P. Gallignani, Flow injection for the determination of Se(IV) and Se(VI) by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry with microwave oven on-line pre-reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV), Spectrochim. Acta, 51B (1996), 1837-1847. 

C. Cabrera, Y. Madrid, C. Camara, Determination of lead in wine, other beverages and fruit slurries by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry with on-line microwave digestion, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 9 (1994), 1423-1426. 

Ringmann, S., Boch, K., Marquardt, W., Schuster, M., Schlemmer, G., Kainrath, P. Microwave-assisted digestion of organoarsenic compounds for the determination of total arsenic in aqueous, biological, and sediment samples using flow injection hydride generation electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 452, 207-215 (2002)... 

Petit de Pena, Y., Vielma, O., Burguera, J.L., Burguera, M., Rondon, C., Carrero, P. On line determination of antimony (III) and antimony (V) in liver tissue and whole blood by flow injection - hydride generation - atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 55,743-754 (2001)... 

Ultrasonic slurry formation has been frequently used prior to cold-vapour and hydride generation. Both procedures usually involve a drastic treatment of the slurry to ensure complete transfer of the target species to the liquid phase for subsequent formation of the gas phase — after a normally long standing time — which is the only phase reaching the atomizer in the case of hydride generation and the detection point in the case of mercury vapour formation. The gaseous analytes or their hydrides are most often obtained in a commercial or laboratory-made dynamic flow injection manifold. 

Dong, L.-M., and Yan, X.-P. (2005). On-line coupling of flow injection sequential extraction to hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry for fractionation of arsenic in soils. Talanta 65, 627-631. 

Chan CC, Sadana RS. 1992. Determination of arsenic and selenium in environmental samples by flow-injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 270(l) 231-238. 

McLaughlin K, Dadgar D, Smyth MR, et al. 1990. Determination of selenium in blood plasma and serum by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Analyst 115(3) 275-278. 

N.V. Semenova, L.O. Leal, R. Forteza, V. Cerda, Multisyringe flow-injection system for total inorganic arsenic determination by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta 455 (2002) 277. 

---