Hydraulic fracturing fluid method

The conventional method and Instrumentation for hydraulic fracturing fluid evaluation have evolved over several years. This method Is usually based upon traditional experimental design where... 

A low-molecular-weight condensation product of hydroxyacetic acid with itself or compounds containing other hydroxy acid, carboxylic acid, or hydroxy-carboxylic acid moieties has been suggested as a fluid loss additive [164]. Production methods of the polymer have been described. The reaction products are ground to 0.1 to 1500 p particle size. The condensation product can be used as a fluid loss material in a hydraulic fracturing process in which the fracturing fluid comprises a hydrolyzable, aqueous gel. The hydroxyacetic acid condensation product hydrolyzes at formation conditions to provide hydroxyacetic acid, which breaks the aqueous gel autocatalytically and eventually provides the restored formation permeability without the need for the separate addition of a gel breaker [315-317,329]. 

Hydraulic fracturing is a method of stimulating production of oil or gas from rock formations. A fluid is pumped under conditions of high pressure and high rate Into the formation to fracture it. The fluid also carries sand or a similar proppant material into the fractures. When the pumping is stopped and the hydraulic pressure is released at the wellhead, the fracture partially closes on the sand leaving a highly permeable channel for the oil or gas to flow back to the well. 

Hydraulic fracturing and acidizing are the most common of the four stimulation methods. Foamed fluids are used in both hydraulic fracturing and acidizing, and thus will be the focus of this chapter. 

Keywords Three-dimensional dual boundary elements method Quasi-Static load Viscous fluid Hydraulic fracturing Non-planar fracture propagation... 

Design simulation. Commercial software programs exist that model the processes of fracture addizing. They use the same fundamental prediction methods used in simulation of hydraulic fracturing with nonreactive fluids. Modifications for add reaction kinetics, among other parameters, are included in modules for simulation of fracture acidizing. Settari has provided an example with discussion. ... 

G. S. Penny, R. S. Stephens, and A. R. Winslow. Method of supporting fractures in geologic formations and hydraulic fluid composition for same. Patent US 5009797, 1991. 

The retention capacity of individual closures, according to the conditions necessary for hydraulic seal failure, can be predicted from Fig. 12 by the following simple method, (i) Select the aquifer trend most relevant to the particular prospect (based on depth and location), (ii) Extrapolate a hydrocarbon fluid gradient upwards from the closure elevation. There is a risk of hydraulic failure if the fluid gradient intersects with the crestal elevation within the fracture envelope. 

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