Hyaline bodies

Figure 16-10. Section of rat liver exposed to toxic chemicals. Note the microdroplet fatty degeneration (vacuolation) in the centrilobular area of liver. Also note the presence of hyaline bodies (Fig. 16-11).

Hyaline bodies are observed as round, eosinophilic, occasionally layered acidophilic corpuscles in the cytoplasm of degenerated hepatocytes. Diffusely distributed in the lobule, they are particularly evident in acute viral hepatitis A and B. It was, in fact, in yellow fever that they were first described as Councilman bodies (w.T. Councilman) in 1890. So-called pin cells, i.e. dehydrated, pin-shaped, compressed liver cells, may be regarded as precursors of the hyaline bodies. As a rule, they can be fully restored. 

Liver cell degenerations (hydropic swelling, eosinophilic degeneration, pin cells, hyaline bodies) and cell polymorphy, single cell necrosis in the form of (acidophilic) Councilman bodies, infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages and activated stellate cells (yet only few plasma cells and neutrophilic granulocytes), proliferation of sinusoidal cells. 

The number of ganglion cells also decreases during aging throughout the retina (Gao and Hollyfield, 1992). The nerve fibers in the optic nerve are replaced by connective tissue (Dolman et al., 1980). Hyalin bodies (corpora amylacea) appear in the peripapillary nerve fiber layer, optic nerve head, and the optic nerve (Avendano et ak, 1980). Ganglion cells and bipolar cells accumulate lipids. 

First described in alcoholic patients by Frank B. Mallory in 1911, Mallory hyalines/bodies also appear in other chronic liver diseases.Sometimes they can be difficult to distinguish on biopsies, and ancillary immunohistochemistry with keratins CK18, 34 3E12, and CAM5.2, as well as antibodies to ubiquitin (Fig. 15.26), may help by highlighting them. They are also occasionally positive for CK7 and... 

Exposure of rats to p-dichlorobenzene vapor concentrations up to 538 ppm for 2 generations resulted in Fq and Fi adult toxicity, including reduced body weights in both sexes and kidney effects (hyaline droplet neuropathy and renal tubular cell hyperplasia) in males, but... 

LoBOPODIUM In the protozoa a type of pseudopodium which is made up of granular endoplasm and hyaline ectoplasm, and are temporarily projected portions of the body protoplasm not to be compared with the definite locomotor organs found in some of the protozoa. 

Hyaline cytoplasm inclusions (Mallory bodies) can often be detected. 

Hyaline single cell necrosis (rather similar in appearance to Councilman bodies) is nearly always witnessed. This cell necrosis is the result of cytotoxicity, mediated by T lymphocytes. 

Hepatic lesions in the case of yellow fever are more likely to correspond to those of hepatosis, (s. p. 404) There is also evidence of distinct acidophilic hepatocellular necrosis as well as microvesicular fatty degeneration of the hepatocytes. Hyaline, eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of degenerated hepatic cells (so-called Councilman bodies) are characteristic and were first identified by w.T. Councilman in 1890 in yellow fever (s. p. 396). Acidophilic inclusion bodies in the hepatocellular nuclei which are arranged concentrically around the nucleolus (so-called Torres corpuscles) correspond to the yellow fever virus (C.M. Torres, 1928). The liver does not present any significant signs of inflammation. The reticular fibre structure is maintained, so that the liver architecture is usually completely restored-provided the outcome of the disease is favourable, (s. fig. 23.4)... 

Liver cell hydrops Liver cell hydrops is characterized by swollen hepatocytes, which contain a lot of liquid, but are generally free of fat. Hydropic liver cells may be 2 to 4 and even 10 times the size of normal hepatocytes. Cell hydrops is completely reversible when abstention is maintained. These cells usually die when alcohol intake is continued and are subsequently removed by macrophages and leucocytes. This leads to an alteration in the cytoskele-ton. Hydropically degenerated liver cells and hyaline liberated from Mallory bodies produce a leucocytic inflammatory reaction. Unless it is compensated by regenerative processes, this cellular deficit results in defective healing by fine-fibred, cell-poor fibrils. 

Feeding of BHC (10-1600 mg kg diet) for life span to rats resulted in decreased body weight and an increase in mortality at 800 mg kg and above. Fatty degeneration and focal necrosis of the liver were observed at higher doses. Chronic nephritis with glomerular fibrosis and hyaline deposits was seen in rats fed 800 mg kg diet BHC. 

Rats exposed to an aerosol of diesel fuel no. 2 at 100 mg ml demonstrated very mild histological changes in the liver and thyroid. No other biochemical effects, hematological effects, or tissue changes were observed in the exposed animals. Continuous 90 day inhalation exposure to 50 or 300mgm" of marine diesel fuels produced hyaline droplet nephropathy and reduced body weight gain in male rats. 

JP-8 Male and female F344 rats, male and fern ale C57BL/6 mice 500 or 1,000 mg/m3 (vapors, whole-body) 90 days continuously Kidney lesions (hyalin droplets, granular casts in outer medulla, nephrosis) in male rats only no kidney toxicity in female rats or male and female mice Mattie et al. 1991... 

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