Human toxicology

Rey C, Reinecke HJ, Besser R (1984) Methyltin intoxication in six men Toxicologic and clinical aspects. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 26 121-122. 

There are many texts dealing with the biochemical toxicology of organic compounds, but most of them are principally concerned with human toxicology. The following texts are suitable, in differing ways, as supplementary reading to the present chapter. 

Organoarsenic compounds have been of importance in human toxicology but have not as yet received much attention in regard to environmental effects. Like methyl mercury compounds, they are both synthesized in the environment from inorganic forms and released into the environment as a consequence of human activity (Environmental Health Criteria 18). They can cause neurotoxicity. 

Drinking water quality should be taken into account from a human toxicological viewpoint because the main source of drinking water is river water. Japanese regulatory procedures allocate 10% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) in principle to the intake from drinking water. 

Grandjean P, Olsen B. 1984. Lead. In Vercruysse A, ed. Techniques and instrumentation in analytical chemistry. Volume 4 Evaluation of analytical methods in biological systems Part B. Hazardous metals in human toxicology. New York, NY Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc, 153-169. 

Meredith PA, Moore MR, Campbell BC, et al. 1978. Delta-aminolevulinic acid metabolism in normal and lead-exposed humans. Toxicology 9 1-9. 

The first innovation introduced by the work is the approach used in the case of missing data human toxicological and ecotoxicological values were predicted using freely available QSAR models like Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T.) v 3.2 [26] and ToxBoxes [27] (nowadays ToxBoxes is no longer free). 

The Chemical Incident Simulator simulates the dispersion of chemical warfare agents, detector responses, the effects of protective equipment, and die human toxicological responses for large numbers of scenarios. The possibilities and potentials offered by the Chemical Incident Simulator are illustrated best with an example. 

For most of the receptors (see Figures 5 and 6), critical limits have been defined related to ecotoxicological or human-toxicological risks, such as... 

The Critical concentrations with respect to the soil organisms should be related to a low effect level on the most sensitive species. The effects on the process of metabolism and other processes within the organisms should be considered and also the diversity of the species, which is most sensitive to the heavy metals, has to be accounted. Critical limits must refer to the chronic or accumulated effects. For assessment of the critical concentrations in crops and in drinking water, human-toxicological information is required. In general, for establishing critical loads we should also account the additive effects of the different metals and combination effect between the acidification and biogeochemical mobilization of the heavy metals in soils and bottom sediments. 

Ryffel, B. (1996). Unanticipated human toxicology of recombinant proteins. Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. 18 333-341. 

Chatteijee, S., Trifillis, A. and Regec, A. (1984). Morphological and biochemical effects of gentamicin on cultured human-kidney renal tubular cells. Human Toxicology 3 455. 

Kaloyanova FP, El Batawi MA. 1991. Organophosphorus compounds. In Human toxicology of pesticides. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 3-41. 

Massaro, E. J. ed. (1997) Handbook of Human Toxicology. New York, CRC Press. 

This includes data obtained from laboratory studies of chemical reactions, plant and material damage, and animal and human toxicology from field studies of air quality and vegetation and ecosystem effects and from population exposures. In all such studies, irrespective of the method used, the measurement of oxidants is based on a standardized source of ozone. 

Molyneux, R. J. and James, L. F. 1990. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in milk Tresholds of inotoxication. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 32(S) 94-103. 

Kuspis D.A. and E.P. Krenzelok (1996). What happens to expired medications A survey of community medication disposal. Veterinary and Human Toxicology 38 48-49. 

In work related to the human toxicology of arsenic, Cox (5) noted that within 24 hours after a person eats fish, arsenic can be measured in the urine at levels normally indicative of chronic arsenic poisoning. The subsequent study of Chapman (6) in 1926 established the occurrence of high levels of arsenic in a wide range of marine organisms. Arsenic concentrations in seawater were also reported at this time (7). Over the ensuing years there followed only infrequent reports (e.g., 8) on arsenic in marine samples until the late 1960s. Renewed interest... 

Results of acute, short-term and long-term toxicity studies, reproduction studies, developmental studies, genotoxicity studies, and studies of the toxicity of metabolites and impurities, and other adverse effects. Data on human toxicology, the no observable effect level, acceptable daily intake, and proposed and safety directions... 

Chipman JK, Coleman R. Mechanisms and consequences of enterohepatic circulation (EHC). In Hill MJ, ed. Role of Gut Bacteria in Human Toxicology and Pharmacology. London Taylor and Francis, 1995. 

Piltz, C., Shen, J.H. Stei, P. (1996) Toxicokinetics of isoprene in rodents and humans. Toxicology, 113, 278-287... 

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