Hulls cotton seed

Almond hulls, cotton seed, beans, hop vines, potatoes, sugar 0.5 17... 

Furfural—found in com cobs, oat hulls, rice hulls, cotton seed hulls, and extracted from residue from sugar cane and sugar beets—undergoes hydrolysis to form furan and C02 and H2 as byproducts. This step is carried out at 400°C in the presence of ZnCr02 and MnCr02 catalyst. The furan is then hydrogenated to form THF. This has been accomplished with either Ni or Pd catalyst [115,117]. 

C. The pentose sugar of straw, cotton-seed hulls and various hemicelluloses, and of some glycosides, including the primeverosides. It is not fermentable and behaves chemically as other sugars. 

Poplar (hardwood) Pine (softwood) Corn stover Rice husk Cotton seed hulls... 

Isolated from cotton seed hulls by delignification with chlorous acid followed by extraction with sodium hydroxide. 

Oilseeds, oil fruits, their products and by-products rapeseed, expeller and hulls soybean as bean, toasted, expeller and hulls sunflower seed as seed and expeller cotton as seed and seed expeller linseed as seed and expeller sesame seed as expeller palm kernels as expeller pumpkin seed as expeller olives, olive pulp vegetable oils (from physical extraction). (Turnip rapeseed expeller was delisted in 2004.)... 

As furan derivatives, both furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are readily prepared from renewable biomass. Furfural can be easily obtained from a variety of biomass containing pentoses, mainly including com cobs, oats and rice hulls, sugar cane bagasses, cotton seeds, ohve husks and stones, and wood chips. Furfuryl was first produced in the early nineteenth century and right now the annual production is 300,000 tons [101]. On the other hand, HMF is another major promising furan derivative due to its rich chemistry and potential availability from hexose carbohydrates or from their precursors such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, cellulose, and inulin [14]. 

Furfural or 2-furancarboxyaldehyde (F) was first obtained in the early nineteenth century and became an industrial commodity about a century later, to reach an industrial production today of some 280 000 tons pa- year [9]. It can be readily and economically prepared from a vast array of agricultural and forestry wastes containing pentoses (see Chapter 13) in sufficient amounts to justify a commercial exploitation. Examples of these renewable resources are com cobs, oat and rice hulls, sugarcane bagasse, cotton seeds, olive husks and stones, as well... 

Sisal Jute Wood flour Shell flour Cotton-seed hulls Cotton linters Cork dust Ground bark Inorganic Polyesters Barium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Magnesium hydroxide... 

Among the dopes used may be cited the following combustibles colophony (used by Nobel in his Dynamites of 1869 1873) (Vol 3 of Encycl, p C403R) wood-meal, woodpulp and sawdust in Grisounite and in some Amer Dynamites cork,charcoal (in "Carbodynamite , described in Ref 60, p C52-L) naphthalene (in Rheinischdynamit) and cotton or other forms of cellulose (in "Forcites ). Less frequently have been used peat moss, ivoty nut meal, unbaked com flakes, starch, pulverised peanut hull, pulverized cottonseed hulls and sunflower seed shells... 

Cotton (Figure 1.1) is the most important natural textile fiber, as well as cellulosic textile fiber, in the world, used to produce apparel, home furnishings, and industrial products. Worldwide about 40% of the fiber consumed in 2004 was cotton [1]. (See also Table 9.1 World Production of Textile Fibers on page 130.) Cotton is grown mostly for fiber but it is also a food crop (cottonseed)—the major end uses for cottonseeds are vegetable oil for human consumption whole seed, meal, and hulls for animal feed and linters for batting and chemical cellulose. 

By-product hulls from the production of rice, cotton, peanut, soybean, and similar crops that have outer shells covering small seed or fruit are sometimes used directly as fuels or feedstocks. After the shells are fractured, most of the hulls can be separated with vibrating screens or rotating trommels having appropriately sized openings. The by-product hulls that have high ash contents... 

Cotton bolls and leaves were harvested 15 days after the sixth and last application of the mC-PBO formulation. The cotton bolls were manual I y separated into hulls, seeds and lint. Samples were composited by commodity type and analysed forTRR, The concentrations of TRR are shown in Table 10-2, indicating limited translocation had occurred from the leaves and hulls to the seeds and lint. 

Cottonseed oil is a by-product arising from the cultivation of cotton. The cotton is attached to the seed and up to 40 seeds occur in a single cotton boll. The cotton is removed from the seed by ginning the shorter fibres or linter still attached (10-15% of whole seed). Bald seed types have ca, 2% of linter. The seed yields approximately 16% oil, 45% meal, 9% linters (depending on type) and 26% hull (Kromer, 1977). 

Oven-dried cotton contains about 90% cellulose whilst cotton linters contain 80-85%. In the preparation of chemical cellulose, cotton linters are processed in the following manner. Firstly, the linters are heated at 130-180°C under pressure with 2-5% aqueous sodium hydroxide for 2-6 hours this treatment solubilizes particles of seed-hull and other contaminants present in the linters. The liquor is drained off. The residual linters are washed with water, bleached with gaseous chlorine or calcium hypochlorite, re-washed and dried at about 70°C. The final product has a cellulose content of about 99%. 

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