Hquid-phase microextraction

Rasmussen, K.E. and S. Pedersen-Bjergaard. 2004. Development in hollow hbre-based, hquid-phase microextraction. Trends Anal. Chem. 23 1-10. 

Quintana JB, Rodil R, and Reemtsma T. Suitabihty of hollow fibre hquid-phase microextraction for the determination of acidic pharmaceuticals in wastewater by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry without matrix effects. J. Chromatogr. A 2004 1061 19-26. 

Basheer C, Balasubramanian R, and Lee HK. Determination of organic micropollutants in rainwater using hollow fiber membrane/ hquid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2003 1016 11-20. 

Hou L, Shen G, and Lee HK. Automated hollow fiber-protected d3mamic hquid-phase microextraction of pesticides for gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. J. Chromatogr. A 2003 985 107-116. 

Another area in which SLMs have interesting prospects is sample preparation in analytical chemistry. Unlike in other fields where a high active area is required, the new trends are toward miniaturization, which in the case of SLM is represented by the hquid-phase microextraction (LPME) method based on porous hollow fibers [231]. The other issues being addressed are to improve automation and high throughput of the analytical methods, in which the SLM system is used as an analyte enrichment method [167, 232-234]. Additionally, the improvement of selectivity of SLM extraction is one of the main areas of interest see the immuno-SLM method example described earher. Several improvements in this methodology have recently been reported [35, 36, 235-237]. 

Zhao, L. and Lee, H. K., Determination of phenols in water using hquid phase microextraction with back extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 931, 95-105, 2001. 

Psillakis, E. and Kalogeranis, N., Hollow-fibre hquid-phase microextraction of phthalate esters from water, J. Chromatogr. A, 999, 145-153, 2003. 

Hyder M, Genberg J, Jdnsson jA. Application of hollow fiber hquid phase microextraction for pinic acid and pinonic acid analysis from organic aerosols. Anal Chim Acta 2011 713 79-85. 

Ho TS, Vasskog T, Anderssen T, Jensen E, Rasmussen KE, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. 25,000-Fold pre-concentration in a single step with hquid-phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2007 592 1-8. 

Sagrista E, Cortes JM, Larsson E, Salvadd V, Hidalgo M, Jdnsson jA. Comparison of two extraction methods for the determination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in sewage sludge by hollow fiber hquid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 2012 35 2460-2468. 

Larsson E, Rabayah A, Jdnsson jA. Direct hollow fiber hquid phase microextraction as a simple tool to smdy the sludge removal of non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs during sewage treatment. J Environ Prot 2013 4 946-955. 

Jiang H, Hu B, Chen B, Zu W. Hollow fiber hquid phase microextraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of methylmer-cury in human hair and sludge samples. Spectrochim Acta Part B Atomic Spectrosc 2008 63 770-776. 

Ghaffarzadegan T, Nyman M, Jdnsson jA, Sandahl M. Determination of bUe acids by hollow fibre hquid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography. J Chromatogr B 2014 944 69-74. 

Hou L, Wen X, Tu C, Lee HK. Combination of hquid-phase microextraction and on-column stacking for trace analysis of amino alcohols by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2002 979 163-169. 

Satterfield M, Black DM and Brodbelt JS, Detection of the isoflavone aglycones genistein and daidzein in urine using solid-phase microextraction-high-performance hquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 759 33 11 (2001). 

Basheer C, Lee HK, and Obbard JP. Determination of organochlorine pesticides in seawater using hquid-phase hollow fibre membrane microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2002 968 191-199. 

Sample preparation is important here because matrices of biological fluids are so comphcated that interfering signals are likely to appear in typical separation-based determinations. Among various sample preparation techniques, there are two major approaches combined with CE liquid-hquid extraction (LEE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) [or solid-phase microextraction (SPME)]. 

Pedersen-Bjergaard, S., Rasmussen, K. E. (2008). Liquid-phase microextraction with porous hoUow fibers, a miniaturized and highly flexible format for liquid-hquid extraction. J. Chromatogr. A, 1184, 132-42. 

Sagratini, G., Manes, J., Giardina, D., Damiani, P., and Pico, Y. (2007). Analysis of carbamate and phenylurea pesticide residues in fruit juices by solid-phase microextraction and hquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1147,135-143. 

As with three-phase membrane extraction, it is also here possible to work either with flat membranes or with hollow-fiber membranes, hi the first case, the technique is usually called microporous membrane liquid-hquid exhaction (MMLLE), a name originating from Cussler et al. With hollow fibers, it can be called two-phase liquid-phase microextraction. 

Bardstu KF, Ho TS, Rasmussen KE, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Jonsson jA. Supported hquid membranes in hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (LPME). Practical considerations in the 3-phase mode. J Sep Sci 2007 30 1364-1370. 

J. F. Liu, J. F. Peng, Y. G. Chi, G. B. Jiang (2005) Determination of formaldehyde in shiitake mushroom by ionic liquid-based liquid-phase microextraction coupled with hquid chromatography. Talanta, 65,705-709. 

Grassi, P. Novak, J. Steinlesberger, H. and Franz, C. (2004). A direct hquid, non-equilibrium sohd-phase microextraction application for analysing chemical variation of single p>eltate tiichomes on leaves of Salvia offi dnaUs. Phytochem. Anal, 15 198-203. 

Aerosols are collected with filters made of glass fibres, with pores up to 5 p.m, and next dissolved in a proper solvent or solvent mixture. Chemical warfare agents or their degradation products, which are dissolved in water or other solvents, are extracted by hquid-liquid extraction (LLE), sohd-phase extraction (SPE), sohd-phase microextraction (SPME), and stirr bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) methods. Head space (HS) analysis is also employed. In the case of the SPE method, XAD-4 and XAD-2 resins are frequently used. 

Poon, K.F. Lam, M.H.W. Lam, P.K.S. Wong, B.S.F. Determination of microcystins in cyanobacterial blooms by solid-phase microextraction-high-performance hquid chromatography. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2001, 20, 1648-1655. 

Martfn-Calero, A., Ayala, J. H., Gonzalez, V., and Afonso, A. M. 2007a. Determination of less polar heterocychc amines in meat extracts Fast sample preparation method using solid-phase microextraction prior to high-performance hquid chromatography-fluorescence quantification. Anal. Chim. Acta 582 259-266. 

Saito, K., Uemura, E., Ishizaki, A., and Kataoka, H. 2010. Determination of perfluo-rooctanoic acid and periluorooctane sulfonate by automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with hquid chromatography-mass spechometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 658 141-146. 

Ho, T.S. Pedersen-Bjergaard, S. and Rasmussen, K.E. Recovery, enrichment, and selectivity in liquid-phase microextraction Comparison with conventional liquid-hquid extraction. Journal of Chromatography A 2002, 963 (1-2), 3-17. 

Zhou, X., Shao, X., Shu, J.-J., Liu, M.-M., Liu, H.-L., Feng, X.-H., Liu, F. Thermally stable ionic hquid-based sol-gel coating for ultrasonic extraction-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography determination of phthalate esters in agricultural plastic films. Talanta. 2012,89,129-135. 

Vidal, L., Chisvert, A., Canals, A., Salvador, A. (2007). Sensitive determination of free benzophenone-3 in human urine samples based on an ionic liquid as extractant phase in single-drop microextraction prior to hquid chromatography analysis. Journal of Chromatography A, 1174, 95—103. 

Dadfamia, S., Shahani, A.M.H., Shakerian, F. et al. (2013). Comhination of sohd phase extraction and dispersive liquid-hquid microextraction for separation/preconcentration of ultra trace amounts of uranium prior to fiber optic-hnear array spectrophotometry determination,/. Hazard. Mater. 263, 670-676. doi 10.1016/j.hazmat.2013.10.028. 

Shammugasamy, B., Ramakrishnan, Y., Ghazah, H. M. Muhammad, K. (2013). Combination of saponification and dispersive hquid-hquid microextraction for the determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols in cereals by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatog.,A, 1300,31-37. 

---