Pinic acid

Pinonic acid Pinic acid Norpinonic acid Isomers of pinonic acid CyHj O, isomers CiqH O, isomers C H, 0, isomers... 

Oxidative cleavage of monocyclic and bicyclic allylic alcohols to keto acids and di-acids respectively is effected by RuClj/aq. Na(IO )/CCl -CH3CN thus trans-verbenol gave (+)-c/x-pinononic acid and (+)-frani-pinocarveol yielded (-)-cis-pinic acid (Table 3.6) [237]. The double bond in diphenylcholene was cleaved by RuOj/aq. Na(IO )/CCl to aldehyde and acid (Table 3.4) and the adjoining phenyl rings destroyed [238]. 

Essential oil analyses of note this year are of Buchu leaf (some p-menthane sulphur derivatives), Hyssopus officinalis (methyl myrtenate, 2-hydroxyisopinocamphone, pinic acid, and pinonic acid), Laggera aurita (m-menth-6-en-8-ol), some Cymbopogon species (up to 89% of unusual p-menthadienols), and Trichostema lanceolatum (55% p-menthen-4-ol). There... 

The pinenes (a- and P-) have been built up again from the pinic acid skeleton. Diethyl pinate (232) can be converted to a mixture of acyloins [e.g. (233)] by the... 

Ozone is being promoted for use in the conversion of tertiary amines to amine oxides, of a-pinene to pinonic and pinic acids, of olefins to ozonides and these in turn to aldehydes and oxy-peroxides, of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones, and of various other organic substances. Such reactions are of practical interest in drug manufacture, and several drug companies are now commercially using ozone in their manufacturing operations, specifically in oxidation of sterols in hormone syntheses. 

In analytical sample preparation, static extraction, that is, extraction from the donor, into a stagnant acceptor held in the lumen of a hollow fiber is superior in terms of enrichment as well as simplicity. The small acceptor volume (typically a 20 cm of a hollow fiber with i.d. of 0.3 mm holds approximately 10 pL in the lumen) leads to very high enrichment, usually several thousands of times and thereby low detection limits if combined with a sensitive detection technique such as mass spectrometry. Enrichment factors as high as 27,000-28,000 times have been reported for pinonic and pinic acid from aqneons aerosol extracts as well as antidepressants from water samples leading to method detection limits down to pg/L. 

Hyder M, Genberg J, Jdnsson jA. Application of hollow fiber hquid phase microextraction for pinic acid and pinonic acid analysis from organic aerosols. Anal Chim Acta 2011 713 79-85. 

Camphorsulfonyl chloride has been used as a chiral starting material for the synthesis of a number of products such as keto-pinic acid (eq 9), which has been used to resolve alcohols and hemiacetals. ... 

Esters of pinic acid derived from pinenes, which are additives to increase plasticity and fluidity of a material, are used as plasticizers [165]. P-Cymene and... 

Conyne RF, Yehle EA (1955) Plasticization of polyvinyl chloride with alkyl esters of pinic acid. Ind Eng Chem 47(4) 853-855... 

Raymond and Pandis in two separate smdies experimentally determined the CCN activities of various single-component organic particles [169] and internally mixed, multicomponent particles [168] such as glutaric acid, adipic acid, pinonic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, cholesterol, pinic acid, norpinic acid, hexadecane, hexadecanol, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid with sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate in the latter smdy. Their results are sununarized in Table 8 and Fig. 5. 

The essential oil contains mainly pinocam-phone, isopinocamphone, a- and P-pinenes, camphene, and a-terpinene, which together constitute about 70% of the oil. Other constituents present include pinocampheol, cineole, linalool, terpineol, terpinyl acetate, bomyl acetate, cw-pinic acid, cw-pinonic acid, myrtenic acid, myrtenol methyl ether, (i-2-hyckoxy-isopinocamphone, methyl myr-tenate, cadinene, and other unidentified compounds totaling more than 50 (karrer list... 

The ozonolysis of the monoterpenes, biogenic species of molecular formula CioHm (e.g., a- and /3-pinene), provides a significant source of secondary organic aerosol. A number of multi-functional organic acids, such as norpinic acid from j8-pinene ozonolysis, and pinonic acid and pinic acid from a-pinene ozonolysis, have been conclusively identified as components of the organic aerosol formed (e.g., Presto et al., 2005 and references therein). As summarized in table VI-F-1, these acidic species possess very low vapor pressures (typically < 10 " Pa at 298 K, Bilde and Pandis, 2001), and thus have a strong tendency to partition to the condensed phase, where they are removed via depositional processes. The low vapor pressures preclude any studies of their gas-phase kinetics. However, the structure-activity relations (SARs) of Kwok and Atkinson (1995) can be used to estimate rate coefficients of about (1-5) xl0 cm ... 

C8H12H4, fran -Norpinic acid S, 770 C9H11O3, Norpinonic acid S, 770, 1525 C9H15O4, Pinic acid S, 770, 1525 C10H14O2, cw-Pinonic acid S, 770, 1525 CioHi604,10-Hydroxypinonic acid S, 770... 

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