High performance liquid chromatography surfactants

Biinger, H., Kaufner, L., and Pison, U., Quantitative analysis of hydrophobic pulmonary surfactant proteins by high-performance liquid chromatography with light-scattering detection, /. Chromatogr. A, 870, 363, 2000. 

Capillary electrophoresis employing chiral selectors has been shown to be a useful analytical method to separate enantiomers. Conventionally, instrumental chiral separations have been achieved by gas chromatography and by high performance liquid chromatography.127 In recent years, there has been considerable activity in the separation and characterization of racemic pharmaceuticals by high performance capillary electrophoresis, with particular interest paid to using this technique in modem pharmaceutical analytical laboratories.128 130 The most frequently used chiral selectors in CE are cyclodextrins, crown ethers, chiral surfactants, bile acids, and protein-filled... 

Harrison, C.R., Lucy, C.A. (2002). Determination of zwitterionic and cationic surfactants by high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescent nitrogen detection. J. Chromatogr. A 956(1-2), 237-244. 

Heinig, K., Vogt, C., Werner, G. (1998). Separation of nonionic surfactants by capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Chem. 70(9), 1885-1892. 

Jandera, P., Urbanek, J. (1995). Comparison of chromatographic behavior of oligoethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether non-ionic and anionic surfactants in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 689(2), 255-267. 

Jandera, P., Holcapek, M., Theodoridis, G. (1998). Investigation of chromatographic behavior of alcohol ethoxylate surfactants in normal-phase and reversed-phase systems using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 813(2), 299-311. 

Mengerink, Y., De Man, H.C.J., Van der Wal, S. (1991). Use of an evaporative light scattering detector in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of oligomeric surfactants. J. Chromatogr. A 552(1-2), 593-604. 

Parris, N. (1978). Surfactant analysis by high performance liquid chromatography I. A rapid analysis for mixtures of amphoteric surfactants and soap. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 55(9), 675-677. 

Parris, N., Linfield, W.M., Barford, R.A. (1977). Determination of sulfobetaine amphoteric surfactants by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Chem. 49(14), 2228-2231. 

The methylene blue reaction can also be used in a fractionation procedure for surfactants. The complexes with methylene blue can be collected in an organic solvent, concentrated, dissolved in methanol, and separated by high-performance liquid chromatography [205]. A variation of this method, permitting the collection of surfactant from large volumes of sample, should be workable in seawater. 

Several techniques have been developed for the trace analysis of cationic surfactants. Most of the methodologies are based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques, because most of the commercial cationic surfactants are produced as homologous... 

The recovery of M2D-C3-0-(E0)n-CH3 after exposure to various solid media has been investigated by API-MS, high performance liquid chromatography light scattering mass detection (HPLC-LSD) and HPLC-APCI-MS methods [10]. Recoveries with extraction immediately following application were determined (surfactant concentration 0.1%, surfactant/solid lOmgg-1) with complete recoveries obtained on all media other than the clays illite and montmorillonite (Table 5.5.2) [10]. 

Methods. Adsorption isotherms were run at constant feed molar ratio of C oS0 /Ci3eS0.. The feed solutions had a pH of 4.25 and a NaCl concentration of 0.15 M. Ten ml of feed solution was added to 0.5 g alumina in a screw top centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 700 RPM for 45 minutes at room temperature. The tube was then placed in a water bath at 30°C for four days, the liquid decanted from the mineral and analyzed. The surfactant concentrations were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography with a conductivity detector. The solution pH after equilibration was determined using pH electrodes. The equilibrium pH increased to 6.8 at equilibrium because the PZC of alumina is approximately 9. 

H Buenger, U Pison. Quantitative analysis of pulmonary surfactant phospholipids by high performance liquid chromatography and light scattering detection. J Chromatogr B 672 25-31, 1995. 

Fig. 4.3. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the monosaccharides obtained from a partially purified preparation of microbubble glycopeptide surfactant from forest soil. Following hydrolysis (in 2 N HC1 for 6 hr at 100°C) and filtration, the carbohydrate mixture was charged on a Bio-Rad HPX-87 cation exchange column. For comparison, part A shows the chromatogram (using the same HPLC column) of a standard solution, which contained 4 pg of each of three different monosaccharides (i.e., the last three peaks shown are glucose, xylose and fiicose, in the order of increasing retention times). Part B shows the chromatogram obtained from hydrolysis of the partially purified (see text) microbubble surfactant (approximately 30 pg). All other experimental conditions were identical in the two cases, i.e., water eluent, 0.5 ml/min flow rate, 85°C, refractive index detector attenuation -2x. (Taken from ref. 322.)...

Yazdi AS, Es haghi Z (2005) Surfactant enhanced liquid-phase microextraction of basic drugs of abuse in hair combined with high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1094 1-8... 

Forgoes, E. Cserhati, T. Determination of retention behaviour of some non-ionic surfactants on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography supports by spectral mapping in combination with cluster analysis or nonlinear mapping. J. Chromatogr., A 1996, 722, 281-287. 

Problems are often found in many analytical methods due to the complex nature of the mixture and the lack of adequate detection means, thus leading to poor quantitation techniques. For the routine separation of a broad range of surfactants, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) appears to be the most cost-effective [7-18]. Ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence detectors are commonly used in HPLC analysis of surfactants because of their compatibility with separation techniques requiring gradient elution. However, these detectors have two inherent limitations (a) the detector response is dependent on molecular structure (i.e., degree of aromaticity and type of substitution) and (b) only species with a chromophore can be detected. To overcome those limitations, postcolumn reaction detectors, based on extraction of fluorescent ion pairs, were introduced for on-line detection of alkylsul-... 

High-performance liquid chromatography is performed using a Hewlett-Packard 1090 chromatograph equipped with a ternary-solvent delivery system, an autoinjector with a 0 -20- u.L injection loop, an oven compartment, and a diode-array UV detector. An ELS detector (Alltech Associates, Deerfield, IL) is connected in series to the UV detector. Hexane, 2-propanol, and water were used for the analysis of nonionic surfactants. Water and tetrahydrofuran (THF) are used for the analysis of anionic surfactants. No preliminary sample preparation is used other than dilution. The nonionic surfactants are diluted 1 40 (v/v) with hexane. The anionic surfactants (alkyl ether sulfates and synthetic and petroleum sulfonates) are diluted 1 20 (v/v) with water-THF (50 50). The calcium sulfonate surfactants were diluted 1 20 (v/v) with a THF-38% hydrochloric acid solution of pH 1. Hydrochloric add is required to prevent salt precipitation by converting any excess water-insoluble caldum carbonate into water-soluble calcium chloride. All diluted samples are... 

Benomar, S. H., Clench, M. R., and Allen, D. W., The analysis of alkylphenol ethoxysulfonate surfactants hy high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 445, 255-267, 2001. 

Scarlett, M., Fisher, J. A., Zhang, H., and Ronan, M., Determination of dissolved nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactants in waste waters by gas stripping and isocratic high performance liquid chromatography. Water Res., 28, 2109-2116, 1994. 

Inositol phosphates isomers have also been separated by micellar mobile high-performance liquid chromatography (Brando et ah, 1990). This involved addition of the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (HDTMA+OH ) to the mobile phase to form micellar ion association complexes that were separated on a reversed-phase column. Enhanced sensitivity and selectivity can be achieved by use of high-performance liquid chromatography in con-... 

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