High-Efficiency Furnaces

Taxpayers who receive incentive payments for installing energy-efficient equipment, such as a high-efficiency furnace, do not have to include the payment in their taxable income. This tax-favored treatment may make consumers more likely to purchase energy-saving equipment, thereby reducing demand for energy. 

The most important reason for corrosion in appliances is the water that is being handled by the equipment. This type of corrosion affects the internal components of appliances and limits life expectancy. In the case of home appliances, the appliances most susceptible to internal corrosion are refrigerators, water heaters, washers, dishwashers, and water softeners. The air conditioners, humidifiers, high-efficiency furnaces, dehumidifiers, and boilers are susceptible to internal corrosion. 

Corrosion problems vary with the type of appliance. Corrosion can build up and destroy parts of the entire appliance. The appliances that are subject to corrosion are (i) water heaters, (ii) boilers, (hi) high-efficiency furnaces, and air conditioners. 

Blast Furnace. The blast furnace is the predominant method for making iron. Estabhshed for centuries as the premier ironmaking process, blast furnace ironmaking both enabled and profited from the Industrial Revolution. Although the fundamental principles of operation are unchanged, the blast furnace has evolved into a highly efficient and productive process. 

A heat balance for the blast furnace produced by Michard et al. (1967), shows tlrat nearly 80% of the heat generated in tire furnace is used to produce and melt the iron and slag. The gas which emerges from tire first zone is further used to pre-heat the ah injected in the tuyeres in large stoves. The process thus runs at a vety high efficiency, botlr from tire point of view of tire amount of metal and slag produced and from the heat generation and utilization. 

Figure 10.4 shows a schematic representation of the multidimensional GC-IRMS System developed by Nitz et al. (27). The performance of this system is demonstrated with an application from the field of flavour analysis. A Siemens SiChromat 2-8 double-oven gas chromatograph equipped with two FIDs, a live-T switching device and two capillary columns was coupled on-line with a triple-collector (masses 44,45 and 46) isotope ratio mass spectrometer via a high efficiency combustion furnace. The column eluate could be directed either to FID3 or to the MS by means of a modified Deans switching system . 

Because of the price diffferential between low- and high-efficiency condensing furnaces, only 22 percent of gas furnaces sold in the mid-1990 s were high-effi-ciency condensing-type furnaces. Condensate is water that forms as a result of the combustion process. When the hydrogen in the fuel combines with oxygen from the combustion air, it forms water... 

O Some high-efficiency gas furnaces can heat with an efficiency of up to 97%. These gas furnaces work by allowing the water vapour produced during combustion to condense. Condensation is an exothermic reaction that releases further energy for heating. Use the information in this section to demonstrate the increased heat output, using Hess s law. The enthalpy of condensation of water is 44 kj/mol. 

An intrinsic, exothermic water-gas shift reaction occurs in the steam reformer reactor. The combined reaction, steam reforming and water gas shift, is endothermic. As such, an indirect high temperature heat source is needed to operate the reactor. This heat source usually takes the shape of an immediately adjacent high temperature furnace that combusts a small portion of the raw fuel or the fuel effluent from the fuel cell. Efficiency improves by using rejected heat from other parts of the system. Note that the intrinsic water-gas shift in the reactor may not lower the... 

Linde AG Ethylene LPG, Naphtha, gas oils and hydrocracker residue Highly selective furnaces thermally crack hydrocarbons and efficiently recover products 30 1996... 

An additional attempt for a further improvement of the emission behaviour is a detailed analysis of the combustion process by in-furnace measurements which is also carried out by [6]. In order to get experimental data of gas concentrations, temperatures and velocity fields within the reaction zones of different types of heating appliances the project Development of Newly Designed Wood Burning Systems with Low Emissions and High Efficiency f7I was carried out under the JOULE III program of the European Commission. 

---