Hierarchically formation

For application in chemical process quantitative risk analysis (CPQRA), the hierarchical format of HTA enables the analyst to choose the level of event breakdown for which data are likely to be available. This is useful for human reliability quantification (see the discussion in Chapter 5). 

Basic models of massive non-baryonic matter (of neutralino type) suggest a hierarchical formation of structures. They work on the hypothesis that... 

Brunsveld L, Vekemans JAJM, Hirschberg JHKK, Sijbesma RP, Meijer EW. Hierarchical formation of helical supramolecular polymers via stacking of hydrogen-bonded pairs in water. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002 99 4977-4982. 

Le Droumaguet, B. Velonia, K. In situ ATRP-mediated hierarchical formation of giant amphiphile bionanoreactors. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47 (33), 6263-6266. 

The major regulatory requirements for digital I C QA programs are described in Chapter 7 of Standard Review Plan and associated references. There are more than 30 documents related to QA program requirements. The general structure of these documents can be presented in a hierarchical format as shown in Fig. 1. 

Dankers PYW, Hermans TM, Baughman TW, Kamikawa Y, Kieltyka RE, Bastings MMC, Janssen HM, Sommerdijk NAJM, Larsen A, Bosman AW, Popa R, Fytas G, Meijer EW, van Luyn MJA, Popa ER (2012) Hierarchical formation of supramolecular transient networks in water a modular injectable delivery system. Adv Mater 24 2703—2709. doi 10.1002/adma. 201104072... 

Figure 3 Frame-based representation of knowledge provides a hierarchical format. Like semantic networks the nodes, or frames, can contain multiple pieces of information in slots, and are linked according to defined relationships between two or more objects. An important property of the frame structure is the ability for frames to inherit slot values. Thus, Steel inherits its state value from the Mefa/frame.

This nine-dimensional data representation of the body pose is recorded at a 30-Hz rate in an XML hierarchical format resulting in a sequence of poses that can represent the body movement. This data is then filtered using filtering and curve-fitting techniques, as discussed in [4]. The resulting XML data can either be used in real time for applications such as real-time activity classification, or it can be saved to be later visualized and processed offline. 

Automated theorem provers typically generate proofe that are hard for humans to follow. Therefore, Perfect Developer transforms successful proofs into a hierarchical format designed for human consumption, allowing them to be inspected or checked if required. 

Figure 14.11 Process of hierarchical formation, (a) Optical microscope image recorded at 30 V in the configuration of Fig. 14.10b. The corresponding 3D AFM image shows the columns of PS-96K on top of a PMMA-95K layer. (Images taken from Ref. 68.]...

As shown in Figure 4.2, the hierarchical formation of perceived capability from TCI is now spelled out within TDH. However, unlike in TCI, perceived task demand now also appears to be constructed in a hierarchical fashion. This appears somewhat illogical. If we treat this formulation in the same way as the construction of perceived capability, it seems that the only way that the distal element of vehicle characteristics can interact with perceived task demand is to interact first with the route and time-of-day, and then come in contact with the proximal road environment and behaviour of other road users. However, in reality these environmental factors form a complex system, and are not necessarily dependent and moderated by each other in a linear hierarchical fashion. 

This tool is used in the early stages of design to investigate system functions in a hierarchical format and to analyse and structure problems (e.g., in allocation of function). 

As shown in this figure, the format is divided into three main columns labeled Equipment Description, Service Description, and Failure Description. The Equipment Description column may be further divided to show the necessary equipment description levels that make up the taxonomy number. Each column represents one additional hierarchical level and number in the CCPS Taxonomy. Similarly, the Service and Failure Descriptions are divided as needed to fully establish the data cells. An entry or group of entries in a column apply all the way down the column until an additional entry or a horizontal line is reached. 

Unlike the simulations which only consider particle-cluster interactions discussed earlier, hierarchical cluster-cluster aggregation (HCCA) allows for the formation of clusters from two clusters of the same size. Clusters formed by this method are not as dense as clusters formed by particle-cluster simulations, because a cluster cannot penetrate into another cluster as far as a single particle can (Fig. 37). The fractal dimension of HCCA clusters varies from 2.0 to 2.3 depending on the model used to generate the structure DLA, RLA, or LTA. For additional details, the reader may consult Meakin (1988). 

Ihmels H, Otto D (2005) Intercalation of Organic Dye Molecules into Double-Stranded DNA - General Principles and Recent Developments. 258 161-204 Iida H, Krische MJ (2007) Catalytic Reductive Coupling of Alkenes and Alkynes to Carbonyl Compounds and Imines Mediated by Hydrogen. 279 77-104 Imai H (2007) Self-Organized Formation of Hierarchical Structures. 270 43-72 Indelli MT, see Chiorboli C (2005) 257 63-102 Inoue Y, see Borovkov VV (2006) 265 89-146 Ishii A, Nakayama J (2005) Carbodithioic Acid Esters. 251 181-225 Ishii A, Nakayama J (2005) Carboselenothioic and Carbodiselenoic Acid Derivatives and Related Compounds. 251 227-246... 

A particularly elegant example of cluster formation involving chiral recognition and retention of chirality through an increasingly complex hierarchical series of clusters is that of rubrene on Au l 1 1 [9] illustrated in Figure 1.5... 

The major design concept of polymer monoliths for separation media is the realization of the hierarchical porous structure of mesopores (2-50 nm in diameter) and macropores (larger than 50 nm in diameter). The mesopores provide retentive sites and macropores flow-through channels for effective mobile-phase transport and solute transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase. Preparation methods of such monolithic polymers with bimodal pore sizes were disclosed in a US patent (Frechet and Svec, 1994). The two modes of pore-size distribution were characterized with the smaller sized pores ranging less than 200 nm and the larger sized pores greater than 600 nm. In the case of silica monoliths, the concept of hierarchy of pore structures is more clearly realized in the preparation by sol-gel processes followed by mesopore formation (Minakuchi et al., 1996). 

Fig. 1.7 Scanning electron micrographs showing fractal pattern formation by hierarchical growth of fluorapatite-gelatin nanocomposites (A) half of a dumbbell aggregate viewed along the central seed axis, (B) dumbbell aggregate at an intermediate growth state, and (C) central seed exhibiting tendencies of splitting at both ends ( small dumbbell). Adapted from [119], reproduced by permission ofWiley-VCH.

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