Heterosexuality

Although nitrite use was initially described among homosexual men who used nitrites in the context of sexual activity, more recently their use has expanded to include heterosexuals. Currently, in addition to being used as sexual enhancers, nitrites are frequently used in combination with amphetamines and ecstasy to accompany high energy dance and music among young... 

Worldwide, the HIV-1 epidemic is mainly fuelled by heterosexual intercourse. HIV is also spread by homosexual contact, by transfusion of contaminated blood... 

Fig. 5.9(a) Sexually dimorphic processing in Ferret differential activation of central nuclei by heterosexual cues. Fos-induction levels moderate/high, L — female, and R — male, brains (from Wesinger and Baum, 1997). 

Lanthier A. and Patwardhan V.V. (1987). Effect of heterosexual olfactory and visual stimulation on 5a-en-3P hydroxysteroids and progesterone in the male rat brain. J Steroid Biochem 28, 697-701. 

Nyby J., Bigelow J., Kerchner M. and Barbehenn E (1983). Male mouse (Mus musculus) ultrasonic vocalizations to female urine why is heterosexual experience necessary Behav Neur Biol 38, 32-46. 

Intravenous drug users using unsterilized needles Workers involved with non-human primates Food service handlers Patients with clotting factor disorders Individuals residing in health care institutions Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Men having sex with other men Individuals with multiple heterosexual partners Intravenous drug users using unsterilized needles Recipients of blood products... 

Five million people were newly infected with HIV in 2005 alone. Most of these infections were acquired through heterosexual transmission. As of December 2005, women accounted for 46% of all people living with HIV worldwide in sub-Saharan Africa, women account for 57%. Persons aged 15 to 24 years accounted for nearly one-half of new HIV infections worldwide. 

Furthermore, pH determination has been used in other clinical research, both alone and in combination with other measurements. This research includes studies into the relationship between extracellular and intracellular pH in an ischemic heart [6, 7], the pH of airway lining fluid in respiratory disease [8], the study of pH as a marker for pyloric stenosis [9], malnutrition in alkalotic peritoneal dialysis patients [10], pH modulation of heterosexual HIV transmission [11, 12], and wound prevention and treatment [13], In addition, pH changes due to blood acidosis have been used to trigger and pace the ventricular rate of an implanted cardiac pacemaker [14], Research using pH measurements... 

Fluoroquinolones arenot recommended for treating infections in MSM or infections acquired in Hawaii, California, or other parts of the world where high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones is reported, or in heterosexuals with a history of recent foreign travel (including exposure froma partner with a history of recent foreign travel). 

Lundstrom, J. N. and Olsson, M. J. (2005) Subthreshold amounts of social odorant affect mood, but not behavior, in heterosexual women when tested by a male, but not a female, experimenter. Biol. Psychol. 70, 197-204. 

Abstract Sexual orientation influences human olfactory function. Following a brief review of the biological basis of homosexuality, this chapter explores exactly how olfactory function varies as a result of sexual orientation. Three separate areas of research are considered recent studies on the neural processing of social odorants by heterosexuals and homosexuals the influence of sexual orientation on the production and perception of body odours and the influence of female sexual orientation on menstrual synchrony. 

Given inconsistent findings, the use of homosexual females as participants provides three distinct advantages compared to heterosexual females (Weller and... 

LeVay, S. (1991) A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men. Science 253, 1034-1037. 

Takahashi, L. K. and Lisk, R. D. (1985) Estrogen action in anterior and ventromedial hypothalamus and the modulation of heterosexual behavior in female golden hamsters. Physiol. Behav. 34, 233-9. 

Androstadienone, 112, 113, 114, 122 exposure, measurable effects of, 116 reaction of homo and heterosexual males to, 123... 

Using immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization, HIV was demonstrated to replicate in the endometrial stroma (P2). Infected cells do not belong to T lymphocyte lineage, but rather to a monocytes/macrophages cell type. This could play a role in heterosexual and matemofetal transmission. 

In Britain, about 6% of men engage in homosexual activities at some time in their lives, most first doing so before the age of 20 y (Johnson et al. 1992). Of these, around 80% also have heterosexual experience at some time during their lives and thus qualify as bisexual, rather than exclusively homosexual (even though they may have phases of exclusive homosexuality at various times in their lives). Similar levels of bisexuality are found in other industrialised countries (e.g. France, ACSF 1992), but much higher levels may be found in other societies (Ford and Beach 1952 Davenport 1965). 

Bisexuals begin their sexual explorations at an earlier age, have more sexual partners (both male and female), and are at a greater risk to disease than heterosexuals (Kinsey et al. 1948 Johnson et al. 1994). Whereas bisexuals probably have fewer children than heterosexuals within long-term relationships, they probably have them younger (like lesbian bisexuals), and have more via short-term sexual liaisons and sperm competition (see review in Baker and Beilis 1995),... 

The prediction was, therefore, that bisexuals should produce ejaculates that are more competitive and more prepared for sperm competition than heterosexuals. On the basis of Sperm Competition Theory, it was predicted that bisexuals should inseminate women with ejaculates containing more sperm than heterosexuals. 

For the time being, direct testing of the prediction that bisexuals should inseminate women with more sperm than heterosexuals is not possible. Although 39 masturbatory ejaculates have been collected from five bisexual males we have only two copulatory ejaculates (from two different males), and both of those are from anal intercourse with another male. We do not yet have vaginal inseminations from bisexual males. 

Other authors have proposed that masturbation occurs because sperm have a limited shelf life (Levin 1975). Here, however, the hypothesis is that masturbation produces a more competitive EPC ejaculate. If so, it could imply that, because of their high ejaculation rate, bisexuals are permanently prepared for EPCs whereas heterosexuals anticipate each event opportunistically. In which case it remains possible that, as hypothesised, bisexuals are a morph adapted to an above average involvement in sperm competition (section 5.2). 

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