Homosexuality, female

Bailey, J. M. and Bell, A. P. (1993). Familiality of male and female homosexuality. Behavioral Genetics 23, 313-322. 

Statistical analysis suggests that in approximately i in 7 homosexual men, their homosexuality is related to the fraternal birth order effect. There is no such effect in female homosexuals. Homosexual males with older brothers also have significantly lower birth weights compared to heterosexual males with older brothers. One possible reason for this phenomenon is that as mothers become progressively immunized to male-linked antigens produced by successive male fetuses, the mothers produce antibodies against these antigens. The antibodies then divert the development of the fetal brain from heterosexual male to homosexual male. But this maternal immunity theory remains a speculation. 

Abstract Sexual orientation influences human olfactory function. Following a brief review of the biological basis of homosexuality, this chapter explores exactly how olfactory function varies as a result of sexual orientation. Three separate areas of research are considered recent studies on the neural processing of social odorants by heterosexuals and homosexuals the influence of sexual orientation on the production and perception of body odours and the influence of female sexual orientation on menstrual synchrony. 

Given inconsistent findings, the use of homosexual females as participants provides three distinct advantages compared to heterosexual females (Weller and... 

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized in the U.S. in the summer of 1981 when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported the unexplained occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in five previously healthy homosexual men in Los Angeles and of Kaposi s sarcoma in 26 previously healthy homosexual men in New York and Los Angeles. Within months, the disease became recognized in male and female injection drug users (IDUs) and, soon thereafter, in recipients of blood transfusions and in hemophiliacs. 

A sex pheromone was first demonstrated in the housefly by Rogoff et al. (1964), identified as (Z)-9-tricosene (muscalure) by Carlson et al. (1971) and shown to attract males in an olfactometer at doses as low as 0.07 pg by Adams and Holt (1987). Cis-9, O-epoxytricosane, (Z)-14-tricosen-10-one (Uebel et al., 1978) and methylalkanes (Uebel et al., 1976) are also components of the sex pheromone (Figure 8.1). Adams and Holt (1987) showed that each component has a different role in male courtship behavior. (Z)-9-Tricosene increases male mating-strike activity toward females. The epoxide and ketone decrease the number of homosexual mating strikes, thus acting as sex-recognition factors. The methyl-branched alkanes act as an arrestant and increase the amount of time a male spends with a treated model. 

Karlen, A. 1971. Sexuality and Homosexuality The Complete Account of Male and Female Sexual Behavior. MacDonald, London p. 402. 

As this suggests, homosexuality was considered a serious offense. This story also makes clear the abysmal devaluation of women as human beings in the ethics of ancient J udaism. Lot values the dignity of his male guests more highly than that of his female children. The Christian ethic did not raise the worth of female life much above the Jewish nor did the clinical ethic raise it much above the clerical. This is why most of those identified as witches by male inquisitors were women and why most of those diagnosed as hysterics by male psychiatrists were also women. 

It is important to note that only male homosexuality is forbidden You shall not lie with a male as with a woman. . . God addresses males only. He does not command woman not to lie with a female as with a man. Here by omission and implication, and elsewhere by more explicit phrasing, woman is treated as a kind of human animal, not as a full human being. The most up-to-date legal statutes of Western nations dealing with homosexuality continue... 

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