Hepatocellular carcinoma malignant hepatitis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in patients with chronic liver diseases associated with hepatitis B and hepatitis C vims infections with high incidences. Here, an acyclic retinoid has been shown to suppress the posttherapeutic recurrence after interferon-y or glycerrhicin treatment in cirrhotic patients who underwent curative treatment of preceding tumors. The retinoid induced the disappearance of serum lectin-reactive a-fetoprotein (AFP-L3), a tumor marker indicating the presence of unrecognizable tumors in the remnant liver, suggesting a deletion of such minute (pre)malignant clones (clonal deletion). As a molecular mechanism of the clonal deletion, a novel mechanism of... 

Hepatic lesions (adenomas, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular carcinoma, etc) Rarely, benign and malignant hepatic adenomas have been associated with the use of hormonal contraceptives. Severe abdominal pain, shock, or death may be due to rupture and hemorrhage of a liver tumor. 

The morphological spectrum may therefore range from steatosis, acute hepatitis, fulminant course, chronic hepatitis, aggressive episodes in chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis through to micronodular cirrhosis. Complete cirrhosis can already exist in children aged 4-5 years. The development of hepatocellular carcinoma is extremely rare (360) it is assumed that copper has a protective effect against malignant transformation. (391,393)... 

Carcinosarcoma of the liver can occur, although it is rare. In a series from China in which all of the patients were hepatitis B surface antigen positive, conventional hepatocellular carcinoma merged with areas of rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and fibrosarcoma and immunohistochemistry supported the diagnosis of carcinosarcoma. 

Buscarini L, Buscarini E (2001) Therapy of HCC radiofrequency ablation. Hepatogastroenterology 48 15-19 Buscarini L, Buscarini E, Di Stasi M etal. (2001) Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of small hepatocellular carcinoma long-term results. Eur Radiol 11 914-921 Curley SA, Izzo F, Delrio P et al. (1999) Radiofrequency ablation of unresectable primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies results in 123 patients. Ann Surg 230 1-8 Curley SA, Izzo F, Ellis LM et al. (2000) Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular cancer in 110 patients with cirrhosis. Ann Surg 232 381-391... 

Primary and secondary malignant hepatic tumors are a major health problem worldwide. While metas-tases are common in western countries, primary liver cancers are frequently diagnosed in Asia and Africa. However, recent data suggest that the incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Western nations are on the rise (Taylor-Robinson et al. 1997 Llovet et al. 2003). Likewise, the liver is the most common site for metastases. In 25%-50% of patients with malignancies liver metastases were observed at autopsy (Bernardino et al. 1982). The most frequent primary sites are colon, breast, pancreas, and lung. In the case of colorectal metastatic disease, the liver is the only metastatic site in 20%-30% of patients (Sasson and Sigurdson 2002). 

Bloomston M, Binitie O, Fraiji E et al (2002) Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with or without radiofrequency ablation in the management of patients with advanced hepatic malignancy. Am Surg 68 827-831 Bruix J, Llovet JM (2002) Prognostic prediction and treatment strategy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 35 519-524... 

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant neoplasm world-wide, with an estimated incidence of more than 500,000 new cases per year (Llovet et al. 2003). Hepatocellular carcinoma usually occurs in patients with long standing cirrhosis induced by hepatitis B or C viral infections or protracted alcohol intake. In drrhotic liver, hepatocellular carcinoma is the result of the evolution of regenerative nodules into dysplastic nodules, with different degree of atypia, and finally into overt hepatocellular carcinoma (Arakawa et al. 1986). However,... 

Primary hepatic malignant neoplasms may develop from hepatocytes, bile duct epithelium, endothelial cells, or lymphoid cells. Most primary malignant hepatic neoplasms are epithelial in origin, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Mesenchymal tumors such as angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangio-endothelioma, and other sarcoma and lymphomas are rare and represent a minority of primary hepatic neoplasms (Table 17.1). 

Nagorney DM, van Heerden JA, Ilstrup DM, et al (1989) Primary hepatic malignancy surgical management and determinants of survival. Surgery 106 740-749 National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2003) Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. July 2003 Nolsoe CP, Torp-Pedersen S, Burcharth F, et al (1993) Interstitial hyperthermia of colorectal liver metastases with... 

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