Phosphide salts

Phosphine is generated when phosphide salts (i.e., Aluminum phosphide Calcium phosphide Magnesium phosphide Magnesium aluminum phosphide Potassium phosphide Sodium phosphide Stannic phosphide Strontium phosphide Zinc phosphide) come into contact with water. 

The metal combines with sulfur and phosphorous on heating, forming the sulfide and phosphide salts, respectively. Metalloid elements, such as arsenic, antimony, selenium and tellurium also combine with indium at elevated temperatures, forming their respective binary salts. 

Even though phosphorus has a lower electronegativity than nitrogen, it will form phosphides (ionic substances containing the P3- anion) such as Na3P and Ca3P2- Phosphide salts react vigorously with water to produce phosphine (PH3), a toxic, colorless gas ... 

The crystalline phosphonium phosphide salt [Ph3PMe]+[ C6H2(CF3)3 2P] is reported to have dimensions (6.461a) [3]. The anion can be compared with metal phosphide (6.461b), the phosphonium salt (6.461c) and the phosphonium phosphoride salt in (6.480). While structures (c) and (d) should allow approximate tetrahedral and pyramidal coordination of the F atoms, the fourfold pyramidal arrangement in (f) is quite different. 

Rodenticides. Phosphide salts ate often used as alternatives to anticoagulai rodentiddes. 

Crain fumigants. Phosphide salts are used in grain fumigants to control insects and rodents. 

Absorption. Stomach acid hydrolyzes intact phosphide salts to form phosphine, which is rapidly absorbed across mucous membranes. 

Mechanism of toxicologic damage. Phosphide salts cause respiratory and gastrointestinal irritation and inhibit cjdochrome C mddas but the relationship bebveen cytochrome C oxidase inhibition and clinical effects is unclear. 

Some phosphides, such as titanium phosphide [12037-65-9] TiP, can be prepared bypassing phosphine over the metal or its haUde. Reaction of phosphine with heavy metal salt solutions often yields phosphines that may contain unsubstituted hydrogens. Phosphides may also be prepared by reducing phosphoms-containing salts with hydrogen, carbon, etc, at high temperatures, the main example of which is the by-product formation of ferrophosphoms in the electric furnace process for elemental phosphoms. Phosphoms-rich phosphides such as vanadium diphosphide [12037-77-3] may be converted to lower phosphides, eg, vanadium phosphide [12066-53-4] by thermal treatment. 

Low-temperature solvents are not readily available for many refractory compounds and semiconductors of interest. Molten salt electrolysis is utilized in many instances, as for the synthesis and deposition of elemental materials such as Al, Si, and also a wide variety of binary and ternary compounds such as borides, carbides, silicides, phosphides, arsenides, and sulfides, and the semiconductors SiC, GaAs, and GaP and InP [16], A few available reports regarding the metal chalcogenides examined in this chapter will be addressed in the respective sections. Let us note here that halide fluxes provide a good reaction medium for the crystal growth of refractory compounds. A wide spectrum of alkali and alkaline earth halides provides... 

Phosphine reacts with the aqueous salt solution to give a complex nitrate-phosphide, which when dry explodes on heating or impact. 

No, the editor didn t know what this name meant either.) It means salts of the triva-lent anions of Group V, restricted in [1] to arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides and prepared by reaction of sodium pnictides with anhydrous halides of transition and lanthanide metals. This violently exothermic reaction may initiate as low as 25°C. Avoidance of hydrated halides is cautioned since these are likely to react uncontrollably on mixing. Another paper includes a similar reaction of phosphides, initiated by grinding [2], Nitrides are reported made from the thermally initiated reaction of sodium azide with metal halides, a very large sealed ampoule is counselled to contain the nitrogen [3],... 

These are usually reactions of anhydrous transition and B metal halides with dry alkali metal salts such as the sulphides, nitrides, phosphides, arsenides etc. to give exchange of anions. They tend to be very exothermic with higher valence halides and are frequently initiated by mild warming or grinding. Metathesis is... 

The element combines with many nonmetals upon heating, forming its binary salts. It combines with halogens when heated, forming the corresponding halides. Heating with phosphorus, sulfur, and tellurium produces phosphide, CdsP2 sulfide, CdS and teUuride, CdTe salts, respectively. 

It reduces copper, silver and gold salts in solutions, precipitating metal phosphides or the metals themselves ... 

Dibromoethylene, irradiation of, 5 156 Dibromomethylarsonic acids, 44 221 Dibromomethylsulfonium salts, 35 262 Di-(-butyldichlorosiIane, reactions, with lithium phosphides, 31 181-186 Dibutyl phosphonic acid, in liquid-liquid extraction, 9 34-35, 36-37... 

---