Heart wound infection

The world herilth organization estimalcs that 80% of the world population are today giving more importance to natural medicine in primary health care control. Natural substances like psyllium seeds, aloe vera, oats, guar gum, chitosan and alginate are found to be useful in treating heart disease, wound infection control, pain relief, asthma treatment and other health related problems. Major pharmaceutical companies are currently... 

Infectious complications persist as a major cause of death, especially within the first year of heart transplantation (Hosenpud et al. 2000). Within the first month of transplantation, infections are usually of nosocomial bacterial origin, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococcus aureus. Enterococci, and Enterobacteriaceae. These organisms can cause pneumonia, urinary tract and wound infections. Later infections are commonly caused by viruses and opportunistic fungi (e.g., Pneumocystis, Candida, and Aspergillus) (Miniati and Robbin 2002). 

Clindamycin is indicated for the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections caused by streptococci and staphylococci. It is often active against community-acquired strains of methicillin-resistant S aureus, an increasingly common cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Clindamycin is also indicated for treatment of anaerobic infection caused by bacteroides and other anaerobes that often participate in mixed infections. Clindamycin, sometimes in combination with an aminoglycoside or cephalosporin, is used to treat penetrating wounds of the abdomen and the gut infections originating in the female genital tract, eg, septic abortion and pelvic abscesses and aspiration pneumonia. Clindamycin is now recommended rather than erythromycin for prophylaxis of endocarditis in patients with valvular heart disease who are undergoing certain dental procedures. Clindamycin plus primaquine is an effective alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for moderate to moderately severe Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in AIDS patients. It is also used in combination with pyrimethamine for AIDS-related toxoplasmosis of the brain. 

The Yang type of Yong Yang syndrome is characterized by localized redness, swelling, hot sensations and pain. High fever and general pain may also exist. This syndrome appears in acute inflammations, such as carbuncles, furuncles, abscesses and infected open wounds. The book The Yellow Emperor s Classic of Internal Medicine indicated Most of the sores which are painful, itchy and swollen are due to fire. In clinical practice, this syndrome is mainly related to fire disturbance of the Heart, Liver and Stomach. 

The serious adverse effects associated with bevacizumab include GI perforation, hemorrhage, hypertension, complications in wound healing, nephritic syndrome, congestive heart failure and arterial thromboembolic events. Patients receiving bevacizumab commonly experience pain, asthenia, headache, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, upper respiratory infection and exfoliative dermatitis. 

Common Sites of Invasion Staph aureus Staph epidermidis inhabit most people s skin and are likely to infect wounds, surgical sites and indwelling catheters (causing infective endocarditis). Strep pneumoniae is often the cause of community-acquired pneumonia and adult bacterial meningitis. "Strep throat" is an infection caused by Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. If untreated, it may elicit an immunologic reaction in the heart, joints and other tissues, known as rheumatic fever. 

Traditional use A decoction of the petals, leaves, branches and roots is used to treat rheumatism, radiculitis, and stomach and heart ailments (Poludenny and Zhuravlev 2000). Decoction or tea of the fruits is used to treat scurvy, common colds, and as a diuretic. A decoction of the roots is used to treat liver and gastrointestinal tract diseases (Khalmatov et al. 1984 Khodzhimatov 1989). A decoction and infusion of the fruits is taken as an astringent (particularly for regular and bloody diarrhea), to treat fevers, intestinal infections, as a hemostatic for uterine bleeding, to improve the metabolism, and as a mouth wash for gum disease. The seeds are used as a diuretic and to treat kidney diseases. The powdered leaves are used to treat wounds and skin ulcers (Khalmatov et al. 1984). 

Traditional use A decoction of leaves and flowers is used for cardiac neurosis and neurasthenia, to increase appetite, as a gargle to treat sore throat, and for intestinal infections and fever. A powder of roasted seeds is recommended for dysentery and heart palpitations. Ground fruits mixed with oil are used to heal wounds. Preparations of Salvia deserta are used in the same way as the preparations of the aboveground parts of Salvia sclarea (Khalmatov and Kosimov 1992 Ganunerman etal. 1990). 

The use of psyllium helps the human body in improving glymeric and lipids control, and reducing the risk factors involving in diabetic complications(26) like poor wound healing, higher risk of infections, and many other problems involving the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and the heart. 

There are many local (bacterial infection, ischemia, etc.) or systemic factors (age, nutrition, diabetes, heart, blood and/or kidney disease, cancer, etc.) that can affect the wound-healing process. It is important to be aware of them because one, or the combination of several factors, may hinder the wound healing (Hunt et al., 2000). 

The NMES device takes over the function of the brain and sends impulses to the electrodes, which are applied directly onto the muscle. It does not matter to the muscle whether the impulse comes from the brain or from an external device—the effect is the same. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy is not dangerous for the human body because it works with low frequency, so the heart is not be exposed to any danger. The therapy can be applied on most parts of the body, but on some parts it is more difficult to build up the muscles. The only exception is the breast, because the therapy can have many influences on them. Further restrictions on use of the NMES device are if the patient has other internal electrical devices, for example, a pacemaker, or if the patient has established infections or wounds. 

While CBW weapons are primarily chosen because of their extreme toxicity (or infectivity), in the eyes of the strategist, lethality is not necessarily the primary or even a desired goal. Creating mass enemy casualties— that is, injured personnel but not necessarily fatalities—forces the opponent to spend precious time and resources to care for the wounded. Similarly, in most instances of terrorism, it is the violent nature of the act itself—sometimes even more than the casualties and fatalities involved—that strikes fear into the heart and mind, that in other words terrorizes. 

Whenever there is damage to the skin or mucous membranes and bacteria can enter, there is the risk of infection [40], The occurrence of infection will prevent the resolution of inflammation, and a chronic inflammatory response will arise. If there is a chronic inflammatory response, the wound healing response wiU not be completed. The combination of the injury and the presence of the foreign material will initiate the inflammatory response. It is well known that the presence of a foreign body greatly increases the infection risk and markedly decreases the number of bacteria required to cause an infection from 10 to 10. Not only is there an increased risk of infection but also the infection wiU be difficult to cure, most often only through the removal of the device [3]. The consequences of this depend on the need for the device. Removal of sutures may cause little impairment to healing, whereas removal of the total artificial heart would result in death [15]. 

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