Health effects metabolism

Higdon JV and Frei B. 2003. Tea catechins and polyphenols health effects, metabolism, and antioxidant functions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 43(1) 89—143. Review. 

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion. Available data are insufficient to allow accurate evaluation of absorption, metabolism, or persistence of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine in human tissues. Additional studies to identify and quantify metabolites of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine in humans and animals would be useful in establishing the relevance of animal studies in predicting human health effects. Metabolic handling of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine in humans needs to be better characterized before urinary levels of the compound or its metabolites can be used to quantitate human exposure. 

A.W. Abu-Qare, M.B. Abou-Donia, Sarin Health effects, metabolism, and methods of analysis, Food Chem. Toxicol. 40 (2002) 1327-1333. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Proposed health effects test standards for Toxic Substances Control Act test rules General requirements Acute and subchronic health effects Mutagenic effects Teratogenic/reproductive effects other health effects-metabolism. Fed. Register 44 44054—44093 (July 26, 1979). 

J. W. HoUeman, Health Effects of Haloalky I Phosphate Flame Retardants and Potential Metabolic Products, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Term., 1984, DOE/NBM-4006848 (DE84 006848),... 

Aplastic anemia and leukemia are not the only health effects ascribed to benzene exposure. A number of recent studies have associated benzene exposure with chromosomal changes (aberrations) (118). Other studies have shown abnormalities in porphyrin metabolism and decrease in leucocyte alkaline phosphatase activity in apparendy healthy workers exposed to 10—20 ppm benzene (119,120). Increases in leukoagglutinins, as well as increases in blood fibrinolytic activity, have also been reported and are believed to be responsible for the persistent hemorrhages in chronic benzene poisoning (121,122). 

HOLLMAN p c and KATAN M B (1997) Absorption, metabolism and health effects of dietary flavonoids in man , Biomed Pharmacother, 51, 305-10. 

Cyanidin is the most common anthocyanin in foods. In addition, anthocyanins are stabilized by the formation of complexes with other flavonoids (co-pigmentation). In the United States, the daily anthocyanin consumption is estimated at about 200 mg. Several promising studies have reported that consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods is associated with reductions of the risks of cancers - and atherosclerosis and with preventive effects against age-related neuronal and behavioral declines. These beneficial effects of anthocyanins might be related to their reported biological actions such as modulators of immune response and as antioxidants. Knowledge of anthocyanin bioavailability and metabolism is thus essential to better understand their positive health effects. 

No animal or human data were available for inhalation exposure. There are no data regarding effects in humans after oral exposure. Information is available in animals regarding health effects following acute, intermediate, and chronic oral ingestion of diisopropyl methylphosphonate. The animal data obtained after oral exposure indicate that diisopropyl methylphosphonate is moderately toxic after acute bolus exposure but has a lower order of toxicity after intermediate and chronic exposures in food. No data were found on the toxicity of diisopropyl methylphosphonate after exposure in drinking water. Further, diisopropyl methylphosphonate is rapidly metabolized and excreted and does not accumulate. It does not appear to have reproductive or developmental effects. At the doses tested, it does not appear to be an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, although this issue has not been resolved yet. Limited data are available for dermal exposure in humans and animals. Diisopropyl methylphosphonate does not appear to be a... 

Fredholm, B. B., Gastrointestinal and metabolic effects of methylxanthines, in The Methylxanthine Beverages and Foods Chemistry, Consumption and Health Effects, Spiller, G. A., Ed., Alan R. Liss, New York, 1984, 331. 

Health effects that have been associated with lead exposures during infancy or childhood include, anemia (Schwartz et al. 1990) (and related disorders of heme synthesis), neurological impairment (e.g., encephalopathy), renal alterations, and colic (Chisolm 1962, 1965 Chisolm and Harrison 1956), and impaired metabolism of vitamin D (Mahaffey et al. 1982 Rosen and Chesney 1983). Death from encephalopathy may occur with PbB levels 125 pg/dL. In addition to the above effects, the following health effects have been associated with lead exposures either in utero, during infancy or during... 

Levels of Significant Exposure to Acrylonitrile - Inhalation 2-2 Levels of Significant Exposure to Acrylonitrile—Oral 2-3 Proposed Metabolic Scheme for Acrylonitrole 2-4 Existing Information on Health Effects of Acrylonitrile 5-1 Frequency of Sites with Acrylonitrile Contamination... 

Nicolle C, Cardinault N, Gueux E, Jaffrelo L, Rock E, Mazur A, Amouroux P and Remesy C. 2004. Health effect of vegetable-based diet lettuce consumption improves cholesterol metabolism and antioxidant status in the rat. Clin Nutr 23(4) 605-614. 

The literature emphasizes that arsenic metabolism and toxicity vary greatly between species and that its effects are significantly altered by numerous physical, chemical, and biological modifiers. Adverse health effects, for example, may involve respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and hematopoietic systems, and may range from reversible effects to cancer and death, depending partly on the physical and chemical forms of arsenic tested, the route of administration, and the dose. 

No information is available on the adverse health effects of hexachloroethane in humans. Animal studies revealed that hexachloroethane primarily causes liver and kidney toxicity. Effects on the nervous system and lungs have also been reported. The mechanism by which these effects are mediated is not well characterized. Reductive metabolism by cytochrome P-450 and production of a free radical intermediate have been suggested as factors in hexachloroethane-induced hepatotoxicity (Nastainczyk et al. 1982a Thompson et al. 1984 Town and Leibman 1984). Accordingly, one possible approach may be to reduce free radical injury. To that end, oral administration of N-acetylcysteine can be used as a means of reducing free radical injury. Also, oral administration of vitamin E and vitamin C may be of value since they are free radical scavengers. 

Proposed Metabolic Scheme for Endrin in Mammals 2-4 Existing Information on Health Effects of Endrin... 

Levels of Significant Exposure to Di-n-octylphthalate - Oral 2-2. Major Metabolic Pathway of Di-n-octylphthalate 2-3. Existing Information on Health Effects of Di-n-octylphthalate 5-1. Frequency of NPL Sites with Di-n-octylphthalate Contamination... 

Human Health At present, studies on the impact of POPs on human health are very limited in China. Most of the existing literature is focused on dietary studies, as the food chain is considered a major pathway for POPs to effect human health. Information on human health effects such as body burden and metabolism is insufficient and generally extrapolated from modeling data because few doctors have been involved in research on POPs exposures in China. Other exposures through respiration and skin as well as air and soil are seldom studied. 

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