Metabolism health

White Phosphorus Smoke. No studies were located regarding absorption in humans or animals after inhalation exposure to white phosphorus smoke. White phosphorus smoke probably contains some residual unburnt white phosphorus (see Chapter 3 for composition information). Human serum concentrations of phosphate (relevance to absorption of white phosphorus smoke is unknown) following occupational inhalation exposure to white phosphorus are discussed in Section 2.3.3 (Metabolism). Health effects observed after inhalation of white phosphorus smoke are most likely portal of entry effects, and, therefore, do not indicate that absorption of white phosphorus occurred. However, the oxides and acids of white phosphorus that occur in the smoke are probably absorbed to an unknown degree. 

Coates, A.M. and Howe, P.R., Edible nuts and metabolic health, Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 18, 25-30, 2007. 

As with any dietary constituent, the evidence on the influence of palmitic acid on health is variable. Rather than identifying the influence of palmitic acid on health as effects , it may be more appropriate to associate the mechanisms, actions, and interactions of palmitic acid as potential implications . As palmitic acid is one of the most abimdant fatty acids, fimctioning as potent uncoupling agents of cell communication it is not surprising that it occupies a substantial role in metabolism, health and disease (Kremmyda et al., 2011 Tvrzicka et al., 2011). Palmitic acid has been identified as a potential dietary agent for increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (Siri-Tarino et al., 2010). 

Kremmyda, L.-S., Tvrzicka, E., Stankova, B., Zak, A. (2011). Fatty acids as biocompounds their role in human metabolism, health and disease a review, part 2 fatty acid physiological roles and applications in human health and disease. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub, 155(3). 

Joyce SA, Gahan CG. The gut microbiota and the metabolic health of the host. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2014 30 120-127. 

In short, it is hard to conclude whether the gut microbiota is playing an active causative role in the development of obesity, or whether the obesity-associated profile of microbiota is simply in response to an obese state or the underlying diet. However, considering that the gut microbiota has been implicated in the onset of obesity in several animal studies, is modified by obesity and obesity-inducing diets, and appears to mediate some mechanisms of diet-related obesity and associated conditions, there is reasonable evidence to suggest its importance in metabolic health. The "chicken and egg" question therefore seems inconsequential compared to the significance of elucidating the role of the gut microbiota in host nutritional metabolism. 

Jorde, R., Grimnes, G. 2011. Vitamin D and metabolic health with special reference to the effect of vitamin D on serum lipids. Prog Lipid Res, 50 303-12. 

Lattimer, J. M Haub, M. D. Effects of dietary fiber and its components on metabolic health. 

Perhaps more so than any other cellular activity, protein, synthesis is sensitive to the general state of metabolic health of the cell. Obviously, there must be an adequate supply of energy, and therefore interference with carbohydrate and phosphorus metabolism will affect the rate of protein synthesis and, as one might imagine, an adequate supply of amino acids (and hence a healthy amino acid metabolism) is a sine qua non. 

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