Amyl Nitrates

To the cooled solution is added dropwise with stirring, a solution of 64 g (0.48 mole) of -amyl nitrate in 100 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran during a period of 1 hour. The solution is finally allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. Work-up is carried out by adding an excess of ice-acetic acid, diluting with water, and extracting the aqueous solution several times with ether. The ether extracts are washed thoroughly... 

The nitrates are used cautiously in patients witii severe hepatic or renal disease, severe head trauma, acute myocardial infarction (MI), hypotiiyroidism, and during pregnancy (Pregnancy Category C, except for amyl nitrate) or lactation. 

Colorless to greenish-yellow liquid with a pungent, piercing, disagreeable odor detectable at 0.3 ppm. Unstable and prone to polymerization often stabilized with amyl nitrate or hydroquinone. May form shock-sensitive peroxides during storage. 

Inhalation Remove the victim to fresh air and allow the victim to recline. Give oxygen and amyl nitrate keep the victim quiet and warm. With inhalation poisoning, thoroughly check clothing and skin to assure no cyanide is present. Get medical assistance at once. 

Ammonium dichromate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium permanganate Ammonium persulfate Amyl nitrate Barium bromate Barium chlorate Barium hypochlorite Barium perchlorate Barium permanganate Barium peroxide Bromine pentafluoride Bromine trifluoride l-Bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (BCDMH)... 

Feuer and co-workers ° conducted extensive studies into alkaline nitration with nitrate esters, exploring the effect of base, time, stoichiometry, concentration, solvent, and temperature on yields and purity. Reactions are generally successful when the substrate a-proton acidity is in the 18-25 p A a range. Alkoxide bases derived from simple primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols are generally not considered compatible in reactions using alkyl nitrates. Optimum conditions for many of these reactions use potassium tert-butoxide and amyl nitrate in THF at —30 °C, although in many cases potassium amide in liquid ammonia at —33 °C works equally well. 

Feuer and co-workers extended their studies to the alkaline nitration of a,Nitration with potassium ferf-butoxide and amyl nitrate in THF at —30 °C yields the corresponding dipotassium salt of the a,nitronate salts from these reactions are isolated via methanol-induced precipitation from the aqueous reaction liquors, a process which also separates the product from impurities. These salts undergo hydrolysis on treatment with aqueous potassium hydroxide, and subsequent acidification yields the corresponding Q, y-dinitroalkane. This route has been used to synthesize 1,4-dinitrobutane (27) from apidonitrile (95) in 30 % overall yield. 

Cyanide Antidote Kit (See Amyl Nitrate. Sodium Nitrite, and Sodium Thiosulfate) Rumazenil (Romazicon)... 

Amyl Acetates, Mixed Isomers N-Amyl Alcohol 1-Amyl Alcohol Amyl Aldehyde Amyl Carbinol Amyl Chloride N-Amyl Chloride Alpha-N - Amylene Amyl Hydrosulfide N-Amyl Mercaptan N-Amyl MethylKetone N-Amyl Nitrate... 

N-Amyl Mercaptan N-Amyl Mercaptan N-Amyl Methyl Ketone N-Amyl Nitrate... 

Later, it was realized that while amyl alcohol reacts with nitrogen oxides liberated from deteriorating propellant to form amyl nitrate or nitrite, these in turn were not very stable in the presence of acidic decomposition products and would decomp with the liberation of oxides of nitrogen which would further accelerate the decomposition of the propellant. Since any aliphatic alcohol could be expected to behave similarly, subsequent stabilizers were made from aromatic compds or derivatives which formed stable NOa compounds with oxides of nitrogen... 

---