United Nations hazard classification

Magison, E. C. 1987. Hazardous Material Classification m the United States History, Problems, and Needs. Proe. Inti. Symposium on the Explosion Hazard Classification of. Vapors, Gases and Dusts. National Materials Advisory Board, Washington, DC. 

The United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) includes an internationally standardized guidance procedure on Transformation/Dissolution Protocol (T/DP) for metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds (United Nations, 2007), recently validated by the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). To establish the acute aquatic hazard classification level of a metal-bearing substance under the GHS, data from the T/DP are compared with an acute ecotoxicity reference value (ERV) derived under conditions similar to those of the T/DP. 

Hazardous materials in the broad sense are materials having hazards such as combustibility, explosiveness, corrosiveness and toxicity. The concept is represented by the United Nations Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. This classification has been adopted with almost no change in the IMDG-Code and... 

Ministerial Ordinance for Material Transportation and Storage of Hazardous Substance of the Ministry of Transportation. The hazardous material classification by the United Nations is shown in Table 1.2. 

Furthermore, the classification by the United Nations applies only to materials to be transported. Some hazardous materials are not covered by these classification. For example, materials regulated to prevent environmental pollution are not stipulated in these classifications. 

Ito A., Matsunaga T., Tamura M., Kuroda E., Satoh T., Kajiyama R., Saitoh T. and Yoshida T., "Hazard Classification Test by United Nations Method on Safety Package of Paper Starting Caps", HSE Transl. no. 11911... 

United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, "Manual of Tests for the Hazardous Classification of Explosives", ST/SG/AG. 10/C. 1/12/Add. 1, 1 October, 1984... 

Other Ignition Sources Hazardous classification of locations for electrical installations is covered in Articles 500-504 of the National Electrical Code (NEC) (NFPA 70). Proper hazardous classification is essential for safety and for prevention of explosion and fire losses. Class 1 in the NEC is for vapors and gases in the United States, in brief. Division 1 of Class 1 includes those locations where flammable concentrations exist continuously or frequently. Division 2 includes locations where flammable concentrations may exist only in case of accidental escape of vapors or gases, or in case of abnormal operation of equipment. Static electricity, which causes fires and explosions with flammable vapors and gases, is covered later in Sec. 26. Cither ignition sources include friction and impact plus rubbing with rubbing... 

Worldwide hazard communication of chemicals requires a change from the existing systems to a more harmonized one. This gave rise to the elaboration of a Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE, 2002). This system proposes harmonized hazard communication elements, including labels and safety data sheets. 

The hazards of chemicals and commodities can be ranked by various systems of commodity classifications. Chemical identity can be established through the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name, trade name, common name, United Nations/North America (UN/ NA) number, Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry number, Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) number or chemical formula. As an example, acrylonitrile can be identified as follows ... 

United Nations Committee on Transport of Dangerous Goods and the U.S. Department of Transportation use a classification system, outlined in Appendix C that does not completely correlate with the systems previously described. Furthermore, this system applies to the transportation of commodities and was not intended to be applied to the warehouse environment. It is intended to give an at-a-glance identification of the hazards much like the NFPA 704 and the NPCA Hazardous Materials Identification System. 

The various hazard classification and chemical risk assessment systems reviewed above are designed in general with the end user of the chemical in mind. However, one of the oldest and best known chemical classification systems in the world is the United Nations (UN) Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, first published in 1956 [23]. 

In 1956, a classification system for hazardous goods was established by a committee of the United Nations (UN). This framework represents the starting point for international transportation legislation. The List of dangerous goods most commonly carried was developed by ECOSOC (Economic and Social Council) see Figure 7.2. 

Proper shipping name United Nations number Classification code Subsidiary hazard number... 

Chemists and other scientists collectively nse thonsands of chemicals in their laboratory work, but COCs pose a particular risk to the general pnblic if they are acquired by people who wish to inflict harm. Some COCs can be used as precursors to make potentially deadly chemical agents or illicit drugs. Other chemicals have hazardous properties that can pose risks to laboratory personnel, especially if they are unaware of the properties. The United Nations has developed a system, the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, for classifying chemicals according to their hazardous properties. In that system the most hazardous chemicals make up Hazard Class 1 these COCs should be kept secure from theft or diversion, and there are laboratory security measures that can help to prevent such diversions. 

The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (CHS) Presents a brief overview of the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) for defining and communicating hazard information and protective measures related to the physical, health, and environmental risks of chemicals through product labels and safety data sheets (SDSs). 

Today s marketplace is global and we receive and use foods, goods, and materials from countries all over the world. To improve the interactions of countries in the chemical industry, a consensus of nations under the purview of the United Nations has come together to develop a system for classifying and labeling hazardous chemicals so that all countries classify and label chemicals in the same way. This project is named the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, or GHS. 

The United Nations led a global action to identify chemical hazards, classify chemical hazards logically, and communicate hazard information. This international activity led to The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. The system has the acronym GHS. In the details, there are standard methods for labeling chemicals. There are also standards for Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) intended to communicate chemical properties and hazards. The United States recendy adopted this system. ... 

There are several ways to classify hazardous materials. Chapter 14 discussed the DOT classification and labeling of hazardous materials. As noted, the DOT modified its system to be consistent with the United Nations system (see Notes at the end of this chapter). 

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