Haematopoietic progenitor cells

Tabatabai G, Frank B, Mohle R, Weller M, Wick W (2006) Irradiation and hypoxia promote homing of haematopoietic progenitor cells towards gliomas by TGF-beta-dependent HIF-lalpha-mediated induction of CXCL12. Brain 129 2426-2435... 

Main target cells Neutrophils. Also other haemopoietic progenitors and endothelial cells Macrophages and their precursor cells Haematopoietic progenitor cells Granulocytes Monocytes Endothelial cells Megakaryocytes T-lymphocytes Erythroid cells... 

BiUco N., Votyakova L, Vasylovska S. and Bilko D. (2005) Characterization of the interactions between stromal and haematopoietic progenitor cells in expansion cell culture models. Cell Biology International 29, 83-86. 

The IL-3 receptor is found on a wide range of haematopoietic progenitor cells (see Chapter 6). They are also present on monocytes and B lymphocytes. Its major biological activity relates to stimulation of growth of various cell types derived from bone marrow cells and which represent the immature precursors to all blood cells (Chapter 6). IL-3 thus appears to play a central role in stimulating the eventual formation of various blood cell types, in particular monocytes, mast cells, neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils, from immature precursor cells in the bone marrow. Several other cytokines (including IL-2, -4, -5, -6, -7, -11, -15 and CSFs) also play important costimulatory roles in the maturation of the range of blood cells. 

Its growth and differentiation-inducing effects on early haematopoietic progenitor cells forms the basis of clinical interest in IL-3. Its administration to healthy patients results in increased blood leukocyte counts, although the concentration of all white blood cell types is not equally increased. 

Gordon MY, Dowding CR, Riley GP et al. Altered adhesive interactions with marrow stroma of haematopoietic progenitor cells in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Nature 1987 328 342-344. 

GH also has direct effects on the proliferation of a variety of cells and tissues in culture, including chondrocytes [74] (though others have been unable to confirm this effect [100]), haematopoietic progenitor cells [101], normal and leukaemic human T cells [102], smooth muscle [103] and rat pancreatic B-cells [104]. The physiological significance of these effects is not clear, and it has not been clarified to what extent somatomedin C/IGF-I released from the same cells may be mediating the mitogenic effects. It is clear, however, that enhanced cell division in many tissues follows administration of GH in vivo [72] and this may be a consequence of direct actions rather than (or as well as) somatomedin C/IGF-I mediated effects. 

Gluck S, Gagnon A. Neutropenic fever in patients after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation and human... 

I. Kashiwakura, and T.A. Takahashi, Basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated ex vivo expansion of haematopoietic progenitor cells from human placental and umbilical cord blood, Br J Haematol 122, 479-488 (2003). 

Marshall, E., Woolford, L. B., and Lord, B. I. (1997) Continuous infusion of macrophage inflammatory protein MIP-la enhances leucocyte recovery and haematopoietic progenitor cell mobilisation after cyclophosphamide. Br. J. Cancer 75,1715-1720. 

Banu, N., M. Rosenzweig, H. Kim, J. Bagley, and M. Pykett. 2001. Cytokine-augmented culture of haematopoietic progenitor cells in a novel three-dimensional cell growth matrix. Cytokine 13(6) 349-58. 

The trial entailed retroviral-mediated ex vivo transduction of haematopoietic stem cells from 10 young SCID-X1 sufferers, with subsequent re-infusion of the treated cells. A marked and prolonged clinical response in which the condition was essentially reversed was observed in 9 out of the 10 patients. The prolonged response was likely due to the transduction of pluripotent progenitor cells with self-renewal capacity (Chapter 10). However, the two youngest patients (1 and 3 months old at the time of treatment) developed uncontrolled proliferation of mature T-lymphocytes 30 months and 34 months after gene therapy respectively. 

IL-1, which has no proliferative effect when acting alone but modulates the responses of haematopoietic cells to other CSFs (possibly by enhancing CSF-receptor expression), enhances the differentiation and survival of early progenitor cells observed in response to IL-3 and stimulates the production of G- and GM-CSF by T lymphocytes, endothelial cells, macrophages and fibroblasts ... 

IL-6 induces terminal maturation of B cells, promotes the growth of hy-bridoma/myeloma cells and T cells, and acts upon haematopoietic progenitors in synergy with IL-1 and IL-3. It also induces the production of acute-phase proteins by liver cells. In addition to its production by neutrophils, IL-6 is also synthesised by monocytes, T and B cells, fibroblasts, cardiac myxoma cells, some bladder carcinomas, cervical cancer cells and glioblastomas. Stimulated neutrophils generate about ten times less IL-6 (on a per-cell basis) than do monocytes. 

Irons, R.D. Stillman, W.S. (1996a) The effects of benzene and other leukaemogenic agents on haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell differentiation. Eur. J. Haematol, 57 (Suppl.), 119-124... 

The growth-inhibitory effects of these azides and their amine metabolites were also evaluated in comparison with AZT and AMT in vitro, using normal haematopoietic myeloid (CFU-GM) and erythroid (BFU-E) progenitor cells isolated from human bone marrow Table 3.6). Although... 

Kiel MJ, He S, Ashkenazi R et al. (2007) Haematopoietic stem cells do not asymmetrically segregate chromosomes or retain BrdU. Nature 449 238-242 Szotek PP, Chang HL, Brennand K et al. (2008) Normal ovarian surface epithelial label-retaining cells exhibit stem/progenitor cell characteristics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 12469-12473... 

Wojciechowski JC, Narasipura SD, Nichola CN, Mickelsen D, Blair ML, King MR (2008) Capture and enrichment of CD34-positive haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells fiom blood circulation using P-selectin in an implantable device. Brit J Haematol 140(6) 673-681... 

The presence of adult multipotent stem cells has been established in many tissue types in humans including haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), pancreatic progenitor cells, retinal progenitor cells, neural stem cells (NSCs), epidermal stem cells, cardiomyocytes, oval cells (liver) and satellite cells (muscle), although their regenerative capacity and even their existence have been controversial in many cases (Figure 4.3). In most cases in humans these tissue... 

Because of the short Ufespan of blood cells, it is unsurprising that bone marrow is a rich source of haematopoietic stem cells which form progenitors for erythrocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, platelets and monocytes. Interestingly, human mesenchymal... 

Haematopoietic myeloblasts are young blast cells derived from progenitor cells in the bone marrow responsible for generating new WBC-granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils). 

Sobkow L, Seib FP, Prodanov L, Kurth I, Drichel J, Bornhauser M, Werner C (2011). Prolonged transendothelial migration of human haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) towards hydrogel-released SDFl. Ann Hematol, 90,865-871. 

Raya, A., Rodriguez-Piza, L, Guenechea, G. et al. 2009. Disease-corrected haematopoietic progenitors from Fanconi anaemia induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 460 53-9. 

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