H-Oil process

A properly designed H-Oil unit can make the transition from residue operation to gas oil hydrogenation without shutting down. If it is desired to replace the catalyst because of the operation change, this can also be accomplished without taking the unit off-stream. Equilibrium catalyst removed from the previous operation can be stored until the plant operating schedule again calls for that service (lohnson et al., 1968). 

The combination of H-Oil with coking or catalytic cracking can be very attractive in specific situations. Operating at low severity, H-Oil can achieve significant reductions of carbon residue, sulfur, and vanadium to prepare feed for a downstream 

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Hog fat Hohlraum H-Oil process Holding furnaces Hole mobilities Hollander beater Hollandite [12008-99-0]... 

Gas-liquid fluidization is employed in the H-Oil process developed in the United States (H6). Cobalt-molybdenum catalyst particles of -in. diameter may be used at a reaction pressure of 100 atm or more and a temperature of about 400°C (V4). 

The ebullated, expanded, and slurry-bed reactors utilize a fluent catalyst zone unlike the stationary catalyst design of fixed-bed reactors. This design overcomes several of the problems encountered when processing residua in fixed-bed catalytic reactors. The commercial H-Oil process (Eccles et al., 1982 Nongbri and Tasker, 1985) employs the ebullated-bed, whereas the... 

A wide variety of process options can be used with the H-Oil process depending on the specific operation. In all cases, a catalytic ebullated-bed reactor system is used to provide an efficient hydroconversion. The system insures uniform distribution of liquid, hydrogen-rich gas, and catalyst across the reactor. The ebullated-bed system operates under essentially isothermal conditions, exhibiting... 

Table 9-10 Feedstock and Product Properties for the H-Oil Process (a) 40% Desulfurization and (b) 80% Desulfurization... 

H-Oil process a catalytic process that is designed for hydrogenation of heavy feedstocks in an ebullated bed reactor. 

The H-Coal process is a development of Hydrocarbon Research Inc. (HRI). It converts coal by catalytic hydrogenation to substitutes for petroleum ranging from a low sulfur fuel oil to an all distillate synthetic crude, the latter representing a potential source of raw material for the petrochemical industry. The process is a related application to HRI s H-Oil process which is used commercially for the desulfurization of residual oils from crude oil refining. 

The H-Coal Process. The H-Coal process is an adaptation of the H-Oil process, which uses a catalytic ebullated bed reactor to... 

T-Star (2) A catalytic hydrocracking process using an ebullated bed reactor containing an extruded Ni/Mo-based catalyst. Developed by Axens North America, based on the H-Oil process. Planned to be used in a coal-to-liquids plant in Inner Mongolia from 2005. 

Received February 15, 1973. The H-Oil process was developed by Cities Service Research and Development Co. and Hydrocarbon Research Inc. Units have been licensed to the Kuwait National Petroleum Co., Humble Oil and Refining Co., Petroleos Mexicanos, and Cities Service Oil Co. 

Several previous papers 2,3,4, 5) have reviewed the H-Oil process with respect to its principal characteristics and commercial performance. The major difference between H-Oil and the other processes for production of low sulfur fuels is a reactor system in which the oil and hydrogen are passed upflow through the reactor at a velocity suflBcient to maintain the catalyst in a suspended or ebullated state. This reactor system offers several advantages. It is isothermal, it is not susceptible to pressure drop buildup from suspended materials contained in the feed, and catalyst can be added and withdrawn during operation to maintain a constant level of catalyst activity. 

In the H-Oil process this problem is solved by staging the reactor system by using two or more reactors in series. In this way the reaction takes place at several decreasing sulfur contents. This provides for higher reaction rates in those reactors in which the bulk of the desulfurization is occurring. Figure 4 illustrates this eflFect for the processing of Kuwait... 

We have noted earlier that a refiner or fuel processor must live in an uncertain environment. He is subject to the vagaries of the supply of crude, the requirements of the market, and the perpetual question of the future markets for residual fuel. We have developed a processing approach—using the H-Oil process— which provides the degree of flexibility necessary to cope with this uncertain environment. A schematic flow diagram of such a multi-purpose plant is shown in Figure 8. The basic feature of this plant, which has been designed for the production of 0.3% sulfur fuel oil from various atmospheric residues, is its flexibility with respect to feedstock, product specifications, and future alternative uses of the plant. 

In summary, new developments in the H-Oil process have made it possible and practical to design a fuel-processing plant which would have... 

The H-Oil process is a high pressure, high temperature hydrocracking process, which uses an ebullated bed of catalyst to convert lower value heavy oils into upgraded higher value products. Deposit formation in the equipment downstream of the H-Oil reactor and high sediment accumulation in heavy fuel oil product streams are confining factors in current attempts to maximize H-Oil unit conversion. 

In many refineries thermal cracking processes are used to convert residues into lighter products. Low value petroleum coke is a product from the more severe cracking processes. The H-Oil process made it possible to convert the asphaltenic carbonizable portion of the residue to higher value liquid products rather than coke. In the H-Oil process an ebullated bed of catalyst is used to convert lower value heavy oil into upgraded higher value products in the presence of hydrogen. The ebullated bed reactor is an expanded bed of catalyst maintained in constant motion by the upward flow of liquid. The reactor behaves as a well mixed continuously stirred tank reactor. 

BED EXPANSION AND PRODUCT SLATE PREDICTIONS OF H-OIL PROCESS VIA NEURAL NETWORK MODELLING... 

Due to the process complexity and inadequate understanding of the technology, no reliable models are readily available and capable to postulate the physico-chemical phenomena of the H-Oil process covering the reaction kinetics, heat and mass transfers and ebullation hydrodynamics of catalyst, oil and hydrogen gas. In an attempt to capitalize the benefits from the previous joint efforts between KNPC and KISR through the PET-47 project [2], it will be advantageous to utilize the captured plant operation and laboratory research data... 

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