Insulin response

Early applications of crystalline fructose focused on foods for special dietary applications, primarily calorie reduction and diabetes control. The latter application sought to capitalize on a signiftcandy lower serum glucose level and insulin response in subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes melUtus (21,22) and insulin-dependent diabetes (23). However, because fmctose is a nutritive sweetener and because dietary fmctose conversion to glucose in the hver requires insulin in the same way as dietary glucose or sucrose, recommendations for its use are the same as for other nutritive sugars (24). Review of the health effects of dietary fmctose is available (25). 

Blood Glucose and Insulin Response. In humans, ingestion of sugar alcohols has shown a significantly reduced rise in blood glucose and insulin response, owing to slow absorption by the body. As a result, many foods based on sugar alcohols have been used safely in the diets of diabetics (208). 

Perley M, Kpnis D (1967) Plasma insulin responses to oral and intravenous glucose studies in normal and diabetic subjects. J Clin Invest 46 1954—1962... 

VAUGELADE P, HOEBLER C, BERNARD F, GUILLON F, LAHAYE M, DUEE P H, DARCY-VRILLON B (2000) Non-Starch polysaccharides extracted from seaweed can modulate intestinal absorption of glucose and insulin response in the pig. Reprod Nutr Dev. 40 33-47. 

Fukumoto, H., et al. Cloning and characterization of the major insulin-responsive glucose transporter expressed in human skeletal muscle and other insulin-responsive tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 1989, 264, 7776-7779. 

Figure 3 presents an example of islet functioning inside a particular capsule. A typical two-phase perifusion profile is noted,similar in quantitative terms to that of unencapsulated islets. Clearly the ratio of the membrane thickness to capsule diameter is an important parameter, with low membrane capsule ratios providing rapid transfer of nutrients and the exodiffusion of insulin. Contrarily, for thick walled capsules of diameter less then approximately one-half millimeter the perifusion response, as measured by the stimulation index and retardation in insulin response to a glucose stimulus, is slower for encapsulated islets relative to free islets. 

Increasing the dietary calcium level in the high beef meal resulted in hypercalciuria. This effect was obtained in the absence of an altered insulin response which suggests that factors other than or in addition to serum insulin were involved in the control of urinary calcium excretion. 

Adipose is an endocrine gland that secretes a variety of factors that have effects both In the brain and the peripheral insulin-responsive tissues. 

R. Newman, and 1. Bjorck. Glucose and insulin responses to barley prod-... 

Actos 9.3 (0.4) 9.9 (0.4) 9.7 (0.4) A thiazoUdinedione that activates insulin-responsive genes that are concerned with the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. 

Progesterone has little effect on protein metabolism. It stimulates lipoprotein lipase activity and seems to favor fat deposition. The effects on carbohydrate metabolism are more marked. Progesterone increases basal insulin levels and the insulin response to glucose. There is... 

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