Growth Factor Families

First discovered in 1987 (Walz et al., 1987 Yoshimura et al., 1987), chemokines include a group of secreted proteins within the family of cytokines that by definition relate to the induction of migration. These chemotactic cytokines are produced by and target a wide variety of cells, but 

All of the above families are imperative for homeostatic functions as well as the orchestration of response to pathogenic insult by the immune system. As investigations carry on, this large family wall likely see the emergence of additional cytokines and grow th factors, and the family and sub-families of cytokine, grow th factor, or chemokine receptors wall continue to evolve and expand. 

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Growth Factors. Table 1 Summary of a num ber of growth factor families, the tyrosine kinase receptors they bind, and the major physiological consequences of their interactions... 

Growth factor family Receptor tyrosine kinase Major physiological functions... 

Burgess WH, Maciag T (1989) The heparin-binding (fibroblast) growth-factor family of proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 58 575-606... 

Yu, H., and T. Rohan. 2000. Role of the insulin-like growth factor family in cancer development and progression. J Natl Cancer Inst 92(18) 1472-1489. 

Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor family... 

Klagsbrun M. The fibroblast growth factor family structural and biological properties. Prog Growth Factor Res 1989 1(4) 207-235. 

Implicated in induction and differentiation of cartilaginous tissues during development are a number of growth factors and cytokines, including the TGF-P superfamily. Those implicated include bone morphogenetic protein subfamilies, fibroblast growth factor family, insulinlike growth factor family,... 

Higashiyama S, Horikawa M, Yamada K, Ichino N, Nakano N, et al. 1997. A novel brain-derived member of the epidermal growth factor family that interacts with ErbB3 and ErbB4. J Biochem 122 675-680. 

BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor is a member of the nerve growth factor family of trophic factors. In the brain, BDNF has a trophic action on retinal, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neurons, and in the peripheral nervous system it acts on both motor and sensory neurons. (From Kendrew, The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994). 

Tolgay Ocal I, Doiled-Filhart M, D Aquila TG, et al. Tissue microarray-based studies of patients with lymph node negative breast carcinoma show that met expression is associated with worse outcome but is not correlated with epidermal growth factor family receptors. Cancer 2003 97 1841-48. 

Krywicid RE, Yee D. The insulin-like growth factor family of ligands, receptors, and binding proteins. Breast Cancer Res Treat (Netherlands) 1992 22 ... 

N. Ferrara, K.A. Houck, L.B. Jakeman, J. Winer, and D.W. Leung, The vascular endothelial growth factor family of polypeptides, J Cell Biochem 47,211-218 (1991). 

Yamasaki, M., Miyake, A., Tagashira,S., and Itoh, N., Structure and expression of the rat mRNA encoding a novel member of the fibroblast growth factor family, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 15918, 1996. 

Ozawa, K., Uruno, T., Miyakawa, K., Seo, M., and Imamura, T., Expression of the fibroblast growth factor family and their receptor family genes during mouse brain development, Mol. Brain Res., 41, 279, 1996. 

Three major families of growth factors, namely, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of transforming growth factor P-family, the Wnt family, as well as the fibroblast growth factor family, play an important role in cardiogenesis [101]. 

Neurotrophins mediate acetylcholine release from cholinergic neurons (Huh et al., 2008). Brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) is a member of the nerve growth factor family (neurotrophins) that contributes to both pre- and postnatal brain development. BDNF supports the neuronal survival, maintains neuronal activity and plasticity, modulates neurotransmitter release and mediates long-term potentiation... 

Growth factors Fibroblast growth factor family [194]... 

Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the HER2/neu (ErbB-2) member of the epidermal growth factor family of cellular receptors. The internal domain of the HER2/neu glycoprotein encodes a tyrosine kinase that activates downstream signals and enhances metastatic potential and inhibits apoptosis. HER2/neu is overexpressed in up to 30% of breast cancers and is associated with clinical resistance to cytotoxic and hormone therapy. A number of mechanisms of action have... 

Meakin, S.O. and Shooter, E.M. (1992) The nerve growth factor family of receptors. Trends. Neurosci. 15 323-331. 

Delli-Bovi, P., Curatola, A.M., Newman, K.M., Sato, Y. and Moscatelli, D. (1988) Processing secretion and biological properties of a novel growth factor of the fibroblast growth factor family with oncogenic potential. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8 2933-2941. 

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