Tissue microarrays

Bubendorf L et al. Hormone therapy failure in human prostate cancer analysis by complementary DNA and tissue microarrays. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999 91 1758-1764. 

Kononen J, Bubendorf L, Kallioniemi A, et al. Tissue microarrays for high-throughput molecular profiling of tumor specimens. Nat. Med. 1998 4 844-847. 

Camp RL, Charette LA, Rimm DL. Validation of tissue microarray technology in breast carcinoma. Lab. Invest. 2000 80 1943-1949. 

Groseclose MR, Massion PP, Chaurand P, et al. High-throughput proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2008 8 3715-3724. 

C.M. Leys, S. Nomura, E. Montogomery, and J.R. Goldenring, Tissue microarray evaluation of prothymosin as a biomarker for human gastric metaplasia and neoplasia. J. Surg. Res. 121, 327-328 (2004). 

In 1998 Kononen and collaborators (Kononen et al. 1998) further developed this technique, which uses a novel sampling approach to produce tissues of regular size and shape that can be more densely and precisely arrayed. Since that time this method has acquired a new name, tissue microarrays (TMAs), and represents a significant advance over earlier multitissue blocks in terms of the number of samples and uniformity of sample size. 

In this technique (http //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue microarray), a hollow needle is used to remove tissue cores of various diameter (from as small as 0.6 4 mm) from regions of interest in paraffin-embedded tissues (clinical biopsies or tumor samples) (Figs. 13.10, 13.11). 

Fig. 13.10 A tissue microarray instrument with a paraffin wax block...

Fig. 13.13 The number of probes on each tissue microarray slide can vary depending on the diameter of punched specimens...

Gusterson BA, Ross DT, Ffeath VJ, Stein T (2005) Basal cytokeratins and their relationship to the cellular origin and functional classification of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 7(4) 143 148 Ffsu FD, Nielsen TO, Alkushi A, Dupuis B, Huntsman D, Liu CL, van de Rijn M, Gilks CB (2002) Tissue microarrays are an effective quality assurance tool for diagnostic immunohistochem istry. Mod Pathol 15 1374 1380... 

Moch H, Kononen J, Kallioniemi OP, Sauter G (2001) Tissue microarrays what will they bring to molecular and anatomic pathology Adv Anat Pathol 8 14 20 Moll R (1998) Cytokeratins as markers of differentiation in the diagnosis of epithelial tumors. Subcell Biochem 31 205 262... 

Tissue microarray (TMA) TMA technology permits to arrange hundreds or thousands of tissue cores (probes), such as clinical biopsies or tumor samples, on a single slide, and then to analyze by a single immuno-staining or in situ hybridization reaction. 

Of particular inferesf was the observed strong correlation obtained between STC2 mRNA levels and its cognate protein levels. Using tissue microarrays from 216 breasf tumor samples, in situ hybridization with a probe to STC2 mRNA was performed wifh 75 tumors and showed positive staining 83% of fhe mRNA-positive tumors identified for STC2 protein by... 

To further assess the clinical relevance of a particular cancer target it may be necessary to determine the association of the target protein levels, its localization, and/or its activity with a specific cancer type, stage, or prognosis. This will often require the generation and, most importantly, validation of robust antibodies for immunohistochemistry (IHC) to be used on tissue microarrays (TMAs) encompassing the relevant tumor types and, ideally, matched normal samples. 

Dimova I, Yosifova A, Zaharieva B et al. Association of 20ql3.2 copy number changes with the advanced stage of ovarian eaneer tissue microarray analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2005 118 81-85. 

DNA Microarrays for Transcription Profiling Tumor Tissue Microarray and Proteomic Profiling Of Protein Kinases Molecular Profiling for Cancer Therapeutics New Guidelines For Reporting Tumor Marker Studies Conclusions References... 

In recent years, the advances in microarray profiling, including both DNA microarray and tumor tissue microarray, have provided an unprecedented screen technique to systemically study the pathogenesis of breast cancer. These techniques have enabled researchers to simultaneously study the expression patterns of thousands of genes and hundreds of proteins in breast cancer patients. In this chapter, we will mainly discuss recent progress of our group in microarray profiling for breast cancer. There are several... 

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