Growth-associated protein-43 GAP

Meiri, K. F., Saffell, J. L., Walsh, F. S. and Doherty, P. Neurite outgrowth stimulated by neural cell adhesion molecules requires growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) function and is associated with GAP-43 phosphorylation in growth cones. /. Neurosci. 18 10429-10437,1998. 

Chambers JS, Thomas D, Saland L, Neve RL, Perrone-Bizzo-zero NI. 2005. Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and synaptophysin alterations in the dentate gyrus of patients with schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29 283-290. 

Cells induced to differentiate 4 or 8 hr with or without 3 ]lM of leptopho.s or the carbamate ester carbaryl some cells Induced to differentiate 16 hr then exposed to OP in serum-free medium cytotoxicity and immunobloiting for neurofilament 200 (NF200). HSP70, and axon growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) measured number of neuriies greater than two cell body diameters counted. 

Zuber, M.X., Goodman, D.W., Kams, L.R., Fishman, M.C. (1989). The neuronal growth-associated protein GAP-43 induces filopodia in non-neuronal cells. Science 224, 1193-1195. 

GAP-43, growth-associated protein of 43kDa MARCKS, myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate. 

Hrdina P, Faludi G, Li Q, Bendotti C, Tekes K, Sotonyi P, Palkovits M. (1998). Growth-associated protein (GAP-43), its mRNA, and protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes in brain regions of depressed suicides. Mol Psychiatry. 3(5) 411-8. 

Maier DL, Mani S, Donovan SL, Soppet D, Tessarollo L, McCasland JS, Meiri KF (1999) Disrupted cortical map and absence of cortical barrels in growth-associated protein (GAP)-43 knockout mice. Proc Nad Acad Sci U S A 96 9397-9402 Mansour-Robaey S, Mechawar N, Radja F, Beaulieu C, Descarries L (1998) Quantified distribution of serotonin transporter and receptors during the postnatal development of the rat barrel field cortex. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 107 159-163 Manuck SB, Flory JD, Ferrell RE, Dent KM, Mann JJ, Muldoon MF (1999) Aggression and anger-related traits associated with a polymorphism of the tryptophan hydroxylase gene. Biol Psychiatry 45 603-614... 

PKC activation results in phosphorylation of a number of membrane-associated substrates. Prominent PKC substrates include the growth-associated protein GAP-43 [also known as FI, P57, pp46, B-50, neuromodulin, 43-57 kDa], myristoylated alanine-rich C- inase substrate [MARCKS, 80-87 kDa], and neurogranin [also known as RC3, BICKS, and 17 kDa]. Each of these proteins shares a PKC phosphorylation domain and a calmodulin-... 

Haruta T, Takami N, Ohmura M et al (1997) Ca2+-dependent interaction of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 with the synaptic core complex. Biochem J 325 455-63 Harvey VL, Stephens GJ (2004) Mechanism of GABA receptor-mediated inhibition of spontaneous GABA release onto cerebellar Purkinje cells. Eur J Neurosci 20 684-700 Hata Y, Slaughter CA, Siidhof TC (1993) Synaptic vesicle fusion complex contains unc-18 homo-logue bound to syntaxin. Nature. 366 347-51... 

Perrone-Bizzozero NI, Sower AC, Bird ED, Benowitz LI, Ivins KJ, et al. 1996. Levels of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 are selectively increased in association cortices in schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93(24) 14182-14187. 

Lindsay, R.M. and Benowitz, L.I. (1990) The growth-associated protein GAP-43 appears in dorsal root ganglion cells and in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury. Neuroscience 34 465-478. 

Another postulated mechanism for melanocortins involves the phosphorylation of the growth-associated protein B-50 (GAP-43). B-50 is associated with both the growth and regrowth of neurites (Skene and Willard, 1981) and the growth of the presynaptic terminals of developing neuromuscular junctions (Verhaagen et al., 1988). There... 

More recently it has become clear that also the function of G proteins can be altered. There are a small number of proteins that have been found to associate with G proteins and to affect their function. These proteins include the growth cone associated protein GAP-43, which has been found to enhance GTP binding by Gq in a manner similar to receptors [26], and a complex between the small GTP-binding protein ras p21 and its GTPase activating protein (ras-GAP) which impair coupling of muscarinic receptors to potassium channels [27]. 

While axonal transport and protein synthesis are essential for nerve regeneration (see review by Grafstein and Forman, 1980), the overall rate of fast transport is not affected by sciatic axotomy (Griffin et al., 1976 Bisby, 1978 Crescitelli et al., 1989). Despite this, there is an increase in the amount of small proteins and polypeptides, known as growth-associated-peptides (GAPs), destined to be incorporated in the regrowing plasma membrane and cy-toskeleton (Skene and Willard, 1981 Bisby, 1988). One of these GAPs is B-50, also known as GAP-43, which is discussed in Section 2.4. 

---