Growth association

Chain-Growth Associative Thickeners. Preparation of hydrophobically modified, water-soluble polymer in aqueous media by a chain-growth mechanism presents a unique challenge in that the hydrophobically modified monomers are surface active and form micelles (50). Although the initiation and propagation occurs primarily in the aqueous phase, when the propagating radical enters the micelle the hydrophobically modified monomers then polymerize in blocks. In addition, the hydrophobically modified monomer possesses a different reactivity ratio (42) than the unmodified monomer, and the composition of the polymer chain therefore varies considerably with conversion (57). The most extensively studied monomer of this class has been acrylamide, but there have been others such as the modification of PVAlc. Pyridine (58) was one of the first chain-growth polymers to be hydrophobically modified. This modification is a post-polymerization alkylation reaction and produces a random distribution of hydrophobic units. 

Zuber, M.X., Goodman, D.W., Kams, L.R., Fishman, M.C. (1989). The neuronal growth-associated protein GAP-43 induces filopodia in non-neuronal cells. Science 224, 1193-1195. 

It was found that the microorganism has a specific duration for PHAs recovery. However, only some strains can accumulate PHAs along their growth or growth-associated strain. 

Thakur, P., Borah, B., Baruah, S., Nigam, J., 2001. Growth-associated production of poly-... 

Keywords. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), Metabolic sequences, Fine regulation, Poly(3HB) cycle, Strategic survival polymer, Growth-associated synthesis, Energy-generating and -consuming synthesis, Optimization... 

The growth-associated synthesis of poly(3HB) is clearly of selective advantage. The synthesis of poly(3HB) is not only - as stated above - an investment in the future, but also an opportunity to cope with and widen actually existing intrinsic bottlenecks. 

If poly(3HB) formation is an effective strategy for survival the poly(3HB) machinery should be ready for use at all times. Its utilization (and the extent to which it is expressed) is determined by external conditions, the metabolic and regulatory disposition of a given strain, and the substrate offered. From this perspective, growth-associated synthesis of poly(3HB) (or, more precisely, poly(3HB) formation-associated growth) ought to occur more frequently than has yet been observed and reported. 

The fixed bed reactors may be easily operated. However, clogging phenomena may arise during processes characterized by bacterial growth associated with azodye conversion. The reactors may be operated either as PER or as CSTR. The latter configuration may be realized by the recirculation of the liquid at large recycle ratio R [30]. 

GAP-43, growth-associated protein of 43kDa MARCKS, myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate. 

Meiri, K. F., Saffell, J. L., Walsh, F. S. and Doherty, P. Neurite outgrowth stimulated by neural cell adhesion molecules requires growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) function and is associated with GAP-43 phosphorylation in growth cones. /. Neurosci. 18 10429-10437,1998. 

Significantly enhanced growth when compared to sheep fed 0.36 mg Mo/kg diet growth associated with increased cellulose digestibility by rumen biota (5)... 

Hrdina P, Faludi G, Li Q, Bendotti C, Tekes K, Sotonyi P, Palkovits M. (1998). Growth-associated protein (GAP-43), its mRNA, and protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes in brain regions of depressed suicides. Mol Psychiatry. 3(5) 411-8. 

Cyclotides, circular mini-proteins bearing a cystine knot motif, are produced by plants as part of their defense mechanism. These cyclic proteins are thermostable and were recently shown to disrupt the membrane of human lymphoma cell line HeLa, causing cellular leakage. The combined approach growth- and non-growth-associated pattern provided the accumulation of 370-mg cyclotide kalata Bl/gdw within Oldenlandia affinis cells in culture. " ... 

Also, in the cold jet case, pressure profiles were measured to assess possible thrust penalty associated with the flow-induced resonance. Near-held pressure prohles, which are plotted in Fig. 29.11 for typical forced and natural cases, again show the faster growth associated with the excitation. In the far held, the static pressure became identical to the ambient pressure. To obtain the thrust force, far-held total pressure prohles were integrated over the jet cross-sectional area. The measurement at 18 exit diameters downstream for the excited case showed that there was a force deheit of about 8% compared to the natural case. This appears to be the maximum amount of thrust penalty caused by periodic impingement of shear how on the cavity trailing edge. 

Tissue-Plasminogen Activator and Growth-Associated Protein 43. 100... 

Other 5-HT related systems tPA t Gap43, a growth-associated protein of Pawlak et al. 2002... 

Maier DL, Mani S, Donovan SL, Soppet D, Tessarollo L, McCasland JS, Meiri KF (1999) Disrupted cortical map and absence of cortical barrels in growth-associated protein (GAP)-43 knockout mice. Proc Nad Acad Sci U S A 96 9397-9402 Mansour-Robaey S, Mechawar N, Radja F, Beaulieu C, Descarries L (1998) Quantified distribution of serotonin transporter and receptors during the postnatal development of the rat barrel field cortex. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 107 159-163 Manuck SB, Flory JD, Ferrell RE, Dent KM, Mann JJ, Muldoon MF (1999) Aggression and anger-related traits associated with a polymorphism of the tryptophan hydroxylase gene. Biol Psychiatry 45 603-614... 

PKC activation results in phosphorylation of a number of membrane-associated substrates. Prominent PKC substrates include the growth-associated protein GAP-43 [also known as FI, P57, pp46, B-50, neuromodulin, 43-57 kDa], myristoylated alanine-rich C- inase substrate [MARCKS, 80-87 kDa], and neurogranin [also known as RC3, BICKS, and 17 kDa]. Each of these proteins shares a PKC phosphorylation domain and a calmodulin-... 

The metabolism of an organism is in most cases related to growth and reproduction and it is then termed primary metabolism. In many cases, however, metabolism can be uncoupled from growth by limiting some nutrient or by environmental control. This non-growth associated metabolism of an organism is called secondary metabolism. 

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