Grouting applications

Performance history over the period since the completion of the grouting indicates no settlement problems. This job is considered a successful grout application by the technical people involved. However, now that no settlements have occurred, it is impossible to prove that they would have occurred without grouting. Unfortunately, the only way to... 

Expanding admixtures are used widely in grouting applications,... 

For mortar applications, the usual mix ratio is about two parts of filler to one part of resin to give a "butter" consistency. For grouting applications, the mix ratio is more nearly one to one such as 6 parts of filler to 5 parts of resin. Typical properties for silica and carbon filled mortars are given in Table I. 

A preaccelerated, high reactivity orthophthalic polyester resin for mortar/grouting applications. 

Spray-dried powders find application in adhesives to build solids, increase viscosity, improve tack, and decrease drying time (145). A primary use is in joint compounds with other applications in mastics and grouts, and patching compounds (146). 

The grout should be the correct type for the climate and application... 

Helmut Orth first reported the use of laetones to accelerate phenolic resole cure in 1957 [161]. A year later, Orth discovered that this effect could be extended to aliphatic esters as well [162], Despite the dramatic nature of the acceleration seen, Orth s observations were not applied in industry for a decade. In 1967, Sumitomo and BASF applied esters to soil grouting and wood uses [133,163, 164]. Neither of these applications were commercially successful, however, and commercial success would not occur until 1980 when Borden introduced ester-cured sand binders for foundry [165]. This technology was highly successful in UK and spread to the US, where it was applied immediately to foundry in 1981 and eventually to wood products in 1990 [119,166-173]. Esters are capable of reducing the gel times of resoles from several weeks to less than 30 s at room temperature. Both gaseous and liquid esters are applicable [119,166]. 

Although the natural zeolites are widely used (around 4 million tpa) they are not particularly valuable as commercial catalysts. This is due to a number of factors including natural variations in crystal size and porosity as well as the actual small pore size, which limits their synthetic usefulness. Natural zeolites do, however, find widespread use in applications such as removal of heavy metals from water, odour removal and building materials e.g. cavity grouting and sprayed concrete). 

L.4.4 All grease, oil, paint, laitance and other undesired materials shall be removed from the surfaces to be grouted. The roughened concrete snrface shall be blown with oil-free compressed air to remove all dnst and loose particles. When cementitions grout is used, the concrete smface shall be thor-onghly soaked with water imtil absorption stops, and any excess water shall be removed. When epoxy grout is used, all surfaces shall be kept dry before application. 

Other applications include the construction of floor slabs where manipulation of the level of the admixture in the concrete will result in the production of bleed water should it be required to enhance finishing. The use of VEAs in grouting and underwater concrete applications is discussed below. 

MSE Technology Applications, Inc. (MSE-TA), has developed a viscous barrier technology using materials such as colloidal siUca, polysiloxane, and polybutane. These materials, also known as grouts, are injected into the soil matrix displacing pore water and filling pore spaces. When the materials gel, they form an impermeable barrier that is both nonreactive and unaffected by filtration. This technology is still in development and is not commercially available. 

METLCAP is a chemical cement that encapsulates, stabilizes, and solidifies hazardous heavy metals in solid form, in slurry form, or in solution. The cement is composed of magnesium oxychloride, which forms when magnesium chloride and magnesium oxide, with water, are mixed together with the metals. The hardened cement product is insoluble and itself becomes a usable resource as cement or as fill material. The METLCAP technology is applicable as an in sitn or ex situ treatment or for high-pressure injection grouting and construction of slnrry walls. Currently, the process is patented and commercially available from Stark Encapsulation, Inc. 

Masonry products have been widely used in the construction industry and include building materials such as cementious materials, concrete, brick, tile, stone, grout, and like substances. Driveways, garage flooring, concrete block, brick fronts, fireplaces, fireplace hearths, as well as tiled floor, wall and counter top surfaces are exemplary applications. Masonry surfaces are porous and if left unprotected can deteriorate from exposure to water and they can become discolored. For example, water penetration can cause spalling or lead to discoloration via microbial growth. Tiles and grouts employed in homes come in contact with various foods and liquids, e.g., fruit juice, coffee, oils, ketchup, mustard, etc. that can cause discoloration. 

Other Types of Portland Cements. White Portland cement is standard Type I or III Pordand cement with raw materials selected and controlled to have negligible amounts of iron and manganese oxides, which impart the gray color. The white Pordand cement is used in decorative and architectural applications like precast curtain walls, terrazzo surfaces, stucco, tile grout, and decorative concrete. 

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