Graft Polymer Uses

Graft Polymer Studies on Model System. Methyl methacrylate/ styrene ratio, chain transfer agent level, and type of initiator system were evaluated in graft polymer using Firestone 2004 polybutadiene latex as a model. 

Table VI. Preparation of Rubber Graft Polymer Using 360-A Monodisperse Latex...

Synonyms Olefin/acrylic graft polymer Uses Emulsion used for floor finishes results in higher gloss better detergent resist. improved scuff resist. superior color and UV stability... 

The pin consists of a radiation-grafted polypropylene crown fitted to an inert polypropylene stem . Graft polymers used with the Multipin system include polystyrene, a methacrylamide copolymer (38), and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (34) (HEMA). We have found that the HEMA surface is best suited to peptide synthesis. Historically, peptides were prepared in a non-cleavable format on the crown surface for epitope mapping applications (39). Over the past decade, however, most peptides prepared by the Multipin method have been synthesized on cleavable linkers. The linkers used for peptide synthesis are outlined below. 

Embedded precipitated nanosilica enhances stiffening, reinforcing and toughening of PP nanocomposites at lower concentration as fumed nanosilica. By grafting with polymers such as styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and ethyl acrylate, the efficiency in the composites mechanical properties is increased depending on the grafting polymer used. ... 

Wenz, E. Buchholz, V. Eichenauer, H. etal. Process for the Production of Graft Polymers US Patent Application Publication 2003/0130433 Al Assigned to Bayer Polymers LLC Filed in 2002. Priority Number DE 10153534.1 (2001). 

J. Balzer, M. Feustel, M. Krull, and W. Reimann. Graft polymers, their preparation and use as pour point depressants and flow improvers for crude oils, residual oils and middle distillates. Patent US 5439981, 1995. 

H. Eichenauer, Thermoplastic moulding materials based on special highly effective grafted polymer components, US Patent 6 767 963, assigned to Bayer Aktiengesellschaft (Leverkusen, DE), July 27,2004. 

S. Himei, M. Takine, and K. Akita, Blend of vinyl chloride resin and graft copolymer prepared by consecutive polymerization of monomers onto butadiene polymer, US Patent 3 288886, assigned to Kane-gafuchi Chemical Ind., November 29,1966. 

D.H. Jones and W.J. Ferry, Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene graft polymers and process for their production, US Patent 3 985 704, assigned to Rohm Haas Haas Company (Philadelphia, PA), October 12,1976. 

A blend was prepared by dissolving a rubber material in styrene and polymerizing the system. The blend contains not only rubber and polystyrene (PS), but also a graft polymer because of the attachment of short polystyrene side chains to the rubber molecules. The toughness of this material was markedly improved compared to that of the unmodified PS. A technology based on bulk polymerization [26] has been widely used the concentrated emulsion polymerization method employed by us, however, allows one to obtain rubber toughened latexes. 

Polymers e-g may also be called collectively as polymers with controlled spatial shapes amphiphilic polymers (h) may include block, star-shaped, and graft polymers covered in classes b, e, and f. Comparison of Figs. 1 and 2 also tells us that, unlike the anionic and coordination (Zieglar-Natta) counterparts, cationic polymerization still fails to provide general methods to control the steric structures of polymers, although the first indication... 

Elemental Analysis (C, H, N, O S) helps us understand the actual extent of grafting. From the synthesis details (Table 5.1) we get the percentage grafting. Now from percentage grafting and from the known elemental composition of the polysaccharide and that of the graft polymer, we can calculate the theoretical elemental composition, which we can simply compare with that actually obtained from the elemental analyzer. 

Agarwal US, Mashelkar RA (1994) On the stability of grafted polymer-molecules in elongational flows. J Nonnewtrai Fluid 54 1-10... 

K. T. Okamoto, K.D. Eastenson, and S.C. Guyaniyogi, Engineering resin-propylene polymer graft composition, US Patent 5 290 856, assigned to HIMONT Incorporated (Wilmington, DE), March 1,1994. 

In addition grafting of pwlymers onto these surfaces interests us for designing new functional composite materials which have the excellent properties both of nanopartides as mentioned above and of grafted polymers, such as photosensitivity, biorepellent activity, antibacterial activity, and pharmacological activity (Tsubokawa, 2007). 

Abbreviations for amino acids and their derivatives follow the revised recommendation of the lUPAC-IUB Committee on Biochemical Nomenclature, entitled Nomenclature and Symbohsm for Amino Acids and Peptides (recommendations of 1983). Nomenclature of branched polypeptides is used in accordance with the recommended nomenclature of graft polymers (lUPAC-lUB recommendations, 1984). For the sake of brevity codes of branched polypeptides were constracted by us using the one-letter symbols of amino acids (Table 1). The abbreviations used in this paper are the following. AK, poly[Lys-(DL-Ala )] AXK, poly[Lys-(DL-Ala -Xi)] XAK, poly[Lys(Xi-DL-Ala )] X = Ser (SAK), Om (OAK), Glu (EAK), or Ac-Glu (Ac-EAK). All amino acids are of L-configuration unless otherwise stated. DPH, l,6-diphenyl-l,3,5-hexatriene ANS, sodium anilino naphthalene sulfonate DPPC, dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline PG, phosphatidyl glycerol Z, benzyloxycarbonyl Pep, pentachlorophenol P, polarisation. 

Whilst the ASA materials are of European origin, the AES polymers have been developed in Japan and the US. The rubber used is an ethylene-propylene terpolymer rubber of the EPDM type (see Chapter 11) which has a small amount of a diene monomer in the polymerisation recipe. The residual double bonds that exist in the polymer are important in enabling grafting with styrene and acrylonitrile. The blends are claimed to exhibit very good weathering resistance but to be otherwise similar to ABS. 

The consideration made above allows us to predict good chromatographic properties of the bonded phases composed of the adsorbed macromolecules. On the one hand, steric repulsion of the macromolecular solute by the loops and tails of the modifying polymer ensures the suppressed nonspecific adsorptivity of a carrier. On the other hand, the extended structure of the bonded phase may improve the adaptivity of the grafted functions and facilitate thereby the complex formation between the adsorbent and solute. The examples listed below illustrate the applicability of the composite sorbents to the different modes of liquid chromatography of biopolymers. 

Meier MAR, Schubert US. Terpyridine-modified poly(vinyl chloride) possibilities for supramolecular grafting and crosslinking. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 2003 41 2964-2973. 

Bhattacharya M., Jacob J., Vaidya U. Method of grafting functional groups to synthetic polymers for making biodegradable plastics. World patent (US) WO9747670 (1997). 

We have studied the dispersibility of several pure PVAc-styrene graft copolymers with one PS branch in various selective solvents mainly at room temperature5. The experiment was done with two kinds of dried samples one was recovered from a tetrahydrofuran solution by pouring it into water and the other from a benzene solution which was poured into n-hexane. Let us refer to the former sample as A and the latter sample as B. Due to the difference in solubility of each polymer sequence in those solvents, sample A is supposed to have approximately such a microstructure that PVAc chains are extended and PS chains collapsed, while sample B has the inverse structure. A similar tendency was also pointed out by Merrett12. The results are summarized in Table 2. 

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