Phosphatidyl glycerol

Kiyasu, Pieringer, Pattlxjs and Kennedy (1963) showed that in liver and other animal tissues phosphatidyl glycerol is formed by the transfer of a phosphatidyl group from CDP-diglyceride (VIII) to L-cx-glycerophosphate, with the formation of phosphatidyl glycerophosphate  

The L-a-phosphatidyl glycerophosphate so formed is dephosphorylated to yield L-a-phosphatidyl glycerol  

Phosphatidyl glycerophosphate does not occur in high concentrations, but Kates, Sastry and Yengoyan (1963) reported the presence of a diether analogue of phosphatidyl glycerophosphate in Halobacterium ctUirubrum, an extreme halo-philic bacterium. 

Kiyasu et al. (1963) suggested that in the synthesis of cardiolipin the function of CDP-diglyceride as a donor of phosphatidyl groups might be extended to include the transfer of a phosphatidyl group to phosphatidyl glycerol  

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Ammonium sulfate phosphatidyl glycerol derivatives charring on heating [198]... 

Ammonium sulfate phosphatidyl glycerol, sphingomyelin 10 mm at 280 °C densitometric in situ quantitation [199]... 

The correct ratio of lipid constituents is important to form stable liposomes. For instance, a reliable liposomal composition for encapsulating aqueous substances may contain molar ratios of lecithin cholesterol negatively charged phospholipid (e.g., phosphatidyl glycerol (PG)) of 0.9 1 0.1. A composition that is typical when an activated phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) derivative is included may contain molar ratios of phosphatidylcholine (PC) cholesterol PG derivatized PE of 8 10 1 1. Another typical composition using a maleimide derivative of PE without PG is PC male-imide-PE cholesterol of 85 15 50 (Friede et al., 1993). In general, to maintain membrane stability, the PE derivative should not exceed a concentration ratio of about l-10mol PE per lOOmol of total lipid. 

Phosphatidyl Glycerol Phosphatidyl Inositol Cerebrosides Gangliosides... 

The pA a shift can be directly measured by the solvatochromic shift of the ultraviolet absorption spectra. For PCP, the p%lir is 5.97 in phosphatidyl choline membranes, and increases up to 6.78 in the negatively charged phosphatidyl glycerol membranes [123], The addition of cholesterol decreases the pATam again slightly in both types of membranes. 

C sodium taurodeoxylcholate (similar to CHAPS), D /i-octyl-/ -D-glucopyranoside and E lyso-dodecyl-phosphatidyl-glycerol. 

Abbreviations. HA, hemagglutinin DRV, dehydration-rehydration vesicles PC, phosphatidylcholine DOPE, dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine DOTAP, l,2-dioleyloxy-3-(trimethylamonium propane) BisHOP,, 2-bis (hexadecylcycloxy)-3-trimethylamino propane DC-CHOL, 3p(V,V,-dimethylami-noethane)-carbamyl cholesterol (DC-CHOL) DOTMA, V-[l-(2,3-dioleyloxy) propyl]-iV,V,V-triethylammonium PG, phosphatidyl glycerol PS, phosphatidylserine SA, stearylamine DODAP, l,2-dioleyloxy-3-(dimethylamonium propane). 

This enzyme [EC 2.7.8.5] (also referred to as phosphati-dylglycerophosphate synthase, glycerophosphate phos-phatidyltransferase, and 3-phosphatidyl-l -glycerol-3 -phosphate synthase) catalyzes the reaction of CDP-diac-ylglycerol with glycerol 3-phosphate to produce CMP and 3-(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol 1-phosphate. 

Glycerol is phosphorylated to glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) by glycerol kinase (ATP glycerol-3-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.30) [5]. G-3-P is also known as sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, glycerophosphoric acid, phosphatidyl glycerol, and sn-Gro-... 

An example of a lipid mixture preparation based on mass would be to dissolve 100 mg of phosphatidyl choline, 40 mg of cholesterol, and 10 mg of phosphatidyl glycerol in 5 ml of chloroform/methanol solution. When using activated PE components, inclusion of 10 mg of the PE derivative to this recipe will result in a stable liposome preparation. 

Figure 339 Hydroxylic-containing lipid components, such as phosphatidyl glycerol, may be oxidized with sodium periodate to produce aldehyde residues. Modification with amine-containing molecules then may take place using reductive amination.

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