Glutamic-pyruvic acid transaminase

SGPT Serum glutamic pyruvic acid transaminase... 

Revised spectrophotometric methods for the determination of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and lactic acid dehydrogenase. Am. J. Clin. Path. (1960), 34, 381-398. 

F (increases in alkaline phosphatase(48%), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (82%) glutamate pyruvate transaminase (55%), isocitrate dehydrogenase (65%), cholesterol (27%-35%), and soluble proteins (35%) decreases in free amino acids (34-40%) and glucose (41-51%) vacuolization fatty infiltration)... 

This enzyme [EC 2.6.1.2], also known as glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-alanine transaminase, catalyzes the pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent reaction of alanine with 2-ketoglutarate, resulting on the production of pyruvate and glutamate. 2-Aminobutanoate will also react, albeit slowly. There is another alanine aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.12], better known as alanine-oxo-acid aminotransferase, which catalyzes the pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent reaction of alanine and a 2-keto acid to generate pyruvate and an amino acid. See also Alanine Glyoxylate Aminotransferase... 

This enzyme [EC 2.6.1.21], also known as D-aspartate aminotransferase, D-amino acid aminotransferase, and D-amino acid transaminase, catalyzes the reversible pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent reaction of D-alanine with a-ketoglutarate to yield pyruvate and D-glutamate. The enzyme will also utilize as substrates the D-stereoisomers of leucine, aspartate, glutamate, aminobutyrate, norva-hne, and asparagine. See o-Amino Acid Aminotransferase... 

Following intravenous injection of 0-2.8 pCi/kg (104,000 Bq/kg) thorium-227 in a solution of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer in dogs, an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase measurements and hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia were observed (Stevens et al. 1967). No effects on the levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) were found. 

L-Lactic acid, in the presence of NAD, is oxidised to pyruvate in a reaction catalysed L-lactate deshydrogenase (l-LDH). The equilibrium of the reaction is forced in the direction of the products by the elimination of pyruvate by reacting it with L-glutamate, resulting in the formation of L-alanine. This reaction is catalysed by glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (GPT) ... 

Transaminases The transaminases catalyze the reversible transformation of a-ketoacids into amino acids. Most frequently, the 2 transaminases GPT (= glutamic pyruvic transaminase) (or ALT = alamine transaminase) and GOT (= glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) (or AST = aspartate transaminase) are used for enzyme diagnostics (F. DeRitis et at., 1955 F. Wroblewski et al., 1955). (s. tab. 5.4) While GOT is distributed evenly, the GPT concentration continuously decreases from periportal to pericentral in the acinus. These are considered to be the basic parameters in the diagnosis and follow-up of hepatocellular disease. If the cause of elevated transaminases remains unclear, the indication for liver biopsy is given. (28, 30, 31, 34)... 

ALT alanine transaminase alanine aminotransferase (previously known as SGPT serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase), aminoaciduria excretion of amino acids into the urine. 

Husain et al. studied the effects of CR and CN aerosols on clinical chemistry parameters (e.g., plasma glutamic-oxaloacetic tansaminase (GOT), plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase). Rats were exposed via inhalation to aerosols of CR or CN. Animals exposed to CR aerosol exhibited no significant changes in plasma GOT and GPT activities or in acid and alkaline phosphatase activities. In contrast, CN-exposed animals manifested significant increases in GOT, GPT, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. The conclusion drawn from the study was that exposure to CN aerosol could lead to tissue damage. 

Several enzymes which perform reactions at the a-carbon of amino acids are also known to catalyze an apparently unrelated exchange of the j8-hydrogens of their substrates. This capability renders glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) susceptible to inhibition by propargylglycine (Marcotte and Walsh, 1975), presumably by the mechanism described above. Alanine transaminase is inactivated by /3-cyano-L-alanine in an analogous manner, although... 

Most aminotransferases use glutamate/oi-ketoglutarate as one of the two amino/keto acid pairs involved. Aminotransferases involving aspartate/oxaloacetate and alanine/pyruvate are also quite abundant. Two important enzymes in the clinical diagnosis of human disease are serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SCOT) and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) ... 

Subsequent to this work, apoaspartate transaminase was used to assay the stereospecificity of a variety of other transaminases, all of which were shown to involve protonation/deprotonation at the C-4 Si face of the cofactor. These enzymes included pyridoxamine-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.30) (26) and a-dialkylamino acid transaminase (27). L-Glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) catalyzes an abortive transamination reaction when oc-methylglutamate is used as substrate, and this too was shown to occur with protonation at the Si face of C-4 in the intermediate 4d (28) as was the abnormal transamination of D-alanine by serine hydroxymethyltransferase (29). 

Tryptophan 331 is converted to tryptamine 332 by both aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28) and tyrosine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.25), and in both instances (334, 335) it was shown, either by use of the pro-R specific monoamine oxidase (335) or by degradation of the labeled tryptamines to glycine and use of the pro-S specific D-amino acid oxidase and pro-R specific glutamate pyruvate transaminase (334), that decarboxylation involved retention of configuration. Hydroxylation that leads to sporidesmin 333 has been shown to involve specific loss of the 3-pro-R hydrogen, and so again hydroxylation involves retention of configuration (102). 

Biochemical evidence of liver damage (increased blood glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [GOT], glutamic pyruvic transaminase [GRT], glutamate dehydrogenase [GDH], bile acids, and cholesterol), as well as hepatocellular enlargement and vacuolation, were observed in rats exposed to 154 mg... 

The second reaction involved in the catabolism of the branched amino acid is the transaminase reaction, during which the amino group of the amino acid is transferred to a keto acid without liberating ammonia. A great number of transaminases have been discovered. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic keto glutaric transaminase, and tyrosine oxaloacetic transaminase have been purified. Each cell probably has its own unique transaminase pattern. 

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