Gluconic acid reaction with

Glycosaminoglycans are covalently bound to proteins through a tetrasaccharide bound to the serine residue (4-188). Elongation of this tetrasaccharide (consecutive addition of sugar units to gluconic acid), esteriflcation with sulfuric acid and various other reactions yield the individual glycosaminoglycans. 

A number of complex derivatives of antimony pentoxide with polyhydroxy compounds have been iavestigated as dmgs. The most important of these substances is known as antimony sodium gluconate [16037-91-5] C22H2Q02ySb2 9H20 3Na, which is prepared by the reaction of antimony pentoxide, gluconic acid, and sodium hydroxide (53). 

Figure 9 A synthetic mixture of water-soluble carboxylic acids separated by anion-exchange chromatography. Column 0.3 cm x 300 cm Diaoion CA 08, 16-20 p (Mitsubishi Kasei Kogyo). Eluant 200 mM HC1. Detection reaction with Fe3-benzohy-droxamic acid-dicyclohexy carbodiimide-hydroxylamine perchlorate-triethyl amine with absorbance at 536 nm. Analytes (1) aspartate, (2) gluconate, (3) glucuronate, (4) pyroglutamate, (5) lactate, (6) acetate, (7) tartrate, (8) malate, (9) citrate, (10) succinate, (11) isocitrate, (12) w-butyrate, (13) a-ketoglutarate. (Reprinted with permission from Kasai, Y., Tanimura, T., and Tamura, Z., Anal. Chem., 49, 655, 1977. 1977 Analytical Chemistry).

Moreover, the compound (LV) obtained from the reaction of 2-keto-D-gluconic acid with o-phenylenediamine28 has been dehydrated to give a compound which Maurer erroneously described as LYI. In this case, also, the process of dehydration has been shown to be equivalent to that just described for compound L. The product obtained by interaction of 2-furyl-... 

Deamination of 2-amino-2-deoxyaldonic acids with nitrous acid has been shown to give 2,5-anhydroaldonic acids with overall retention of the configuration of C-2. The reaction parallels the deamination, with nitrous acid, of a-amino acids that leads to a-hydroxy acids with retention of configuration.19,29 Thus, the formation of 2,5-anhydro-D-gluconic acid27 (15) from 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid (14) has... 

Gluconic acid (P) may be produced by the oxidation of glucose (G) in a batch reactor. The reactor is provided with a continuous supply of oxygen and an intermittent supply of glucose at fixed intervals. The reaction is C6H120 (G) + j02 C6H1207(P), and is... 

The process in Example 12-7 was conducted by initially adding 0.35 mol glucose to the 100-L reactor, and replenishing the reaction with 0.28 mol flesh glucose every 144 h for 30 days. Determine the gluconic acid and glucose concentration-time profiles in the reactor over this period... 

Aldono-1,5-lactones and free aldonic acids react with alcohols in the presence of hydrogen chloride to give the corresponding alkyl aldonates (84). The reaction is slower with 1,4-lactones. Because esterification takes place very slowly in the absence of an acidic catalyst, aldonic acids and their lactones may be recrystallized from boiling alcohols without appreciable esterification (85). However, in some instances, alkyl esters are formed under these conditions. For example, essentially pure ethyl L-mannonate was isolated (6.4% yield) from the mother liquors of crystallization L-man-nono-1,4-lactone, obtained by Kiliani synthesis from L-arabinose (86). Similarly, repeated recrystallization from ethanol of crude 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-glucono- 1,5-lactone afforded the corresponding ethyl gluconate derivative (87). 

In 2006, Beltrame et al. investigated the catalytic activity of a colloidal solution of gold in the selective oxidation of o-glucose to o-gluconic acid. This reaction was performed at 303-333 K in water, at atmospheric pressure and with different glucose and oxygen concentrations at a pH of 9.5 [122]. The results showed that the reaction rate was proportional to the oxygen concentration. 

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