Gluconic acid amide

S (2)-hydroxy-3-butenenitrile from acrolein and HCN trans hydrocyanation using, for instance, acetone cyanohydrin Hydrolysis of nitriles to amides, e.g. acrylonitrile to acrylamide Isomerization of glucose to fructose Esterifications and transesterifications Interesterify positions 1 and 3 of natural glycerides Oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid, glycolic acid to glyoxalic acid... 

Bleyer and Braun oxidized D-glucose with chloramine in alkali under these conditions the chloramine was converted to the amide and sodium hypochlorite, the action of the latter being very drastic. Each mole of aldose consumed 8 equivalents of oxygen, liberated 2 moles of carbon dioxide and formed 2 equivalents of an unknown acid. The reaction went more rapidly as the alkalinity was increased. The acid was assumed to be acetic acid, formed from pyruvic acid D-gluconic acid was considered to be the primary oxidation product. Bernhauer and... 

Allyl glycosides, allyl ethers and allyl amides of glucose, gluconic acid and gluciu onic acid-y-lactone with protected hydroxyl groups have been used to obtain silane preciu ors for modified polysiloxanes [84]. 

Scheme 21 Illustrates the rearrangement of a phenylglyclne amide derivative of gluconic acid and its application to the preparation of an acyclic unsaturated sugar derivative. Likewise the 8-enose derivative (6I) was obtained from the corresponding uronic acid chloride.The same authors similarly produced hexadiene and derived Dlels-Alder adducts from D-gluconlc acid. ...

These acids are important precursors in the preparation of sugars with fewer carbon atoms. Oxidative degradation with H2O2 and iron salts (see p. 118) produces an aldose of one less carbon atom thus, D-gluconic acid is converted to D-arabinose, and D-galactonic acid to D-lyxose. Nitriles and amides can also be degraded (see p. 119). 

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