Gluconic acid enzymes

In presence of the enzyme glucose oxidase, an aqueous solution of glucose undergoes oxidation to gluconic acid with formation of hydrogen peroxide which can be determined by anodic oxidation at a fixed potential. 

Another type of sensor was based on the utilization of glucose dehydrogenase enzyme coupling with /ra(2,2 -bipyridylruthenium(II) complex [31]. This sensor can be used in the 10-2500-pmol/L concentration range. Several interferences occur, like NADH, oxalate, proline, and tripropylamine. However, gluconic acid and NAD+ do not interfere. 

During the process described in problem 12-17, it was discovered that the enzyme used to produce gluconic acid was subject to deactivation, with a half-life of 12 days. It appears that the deactivation process is first-order, such that decreases exponentially with time. 

Pharmaceuticals are only a part of natural products derived from filamentous organisms. Filamentous fungi are also grown industrially for the production of natural products other than pharmaceuticals. Organic acids such as citric, itaconic and gluconic acids, carotenoids, taste and aroma compounds, and a variety of industrial enzymes such as amylases, lipases, dextranases and proteases are also extracted from these fungi. 

A liquid membrane bioreactor was developed as a means of encapsulation for a multi-enzyme system incorporating an oxidation and carbohydrate cleavage, demonstrated using a-glucosidase and glucose oxidase in the conversion of maltose to gluconic acid ... 

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