Glaucoma secondary

Open-angle glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, preoperatively to lower Intraocular pressure (IOP), edema due to CHF, drug-induced edema, centrencephalic epilepsy Glaucoma... 

Acetazolamide (Diamox) is used in the treatment of simple (open-angle) glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and preoiteratively in acute angle-closure glaucoma when delay of surgery is desired to lower the IOP These dru ... 

Advanced chronic simple glaucoma and glaucoma secondary to cataract surgery Instill 0.03% solution twice daily, as above. 

Posterior subcapsuhr cataracts Ocular hypertension or glaucoma Secondary ocular infection Retardation of corneal epithelial healing Keratitis... 

Other reported complications include pupillary block glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and corneal complications, including band-shaped keratopathy (11). Pupillary block in aphakic eyes can be prevented by placing peripheral iridectomy at the 6 o clock position, since silicone is lighter than water. 

Wakabayashi T, Oshima Y, Sakaguchi H, Ikuno Y, Miki A, Gomi F, Otori Y, Kamei M, Kusaka S, Tano Y. Intravitreal bevacizumab to treat iris neovascularization and neovascular glaucoma secondary to ischemic retinal diseases in 41 consecutive cases. Ophthalmology 2008 115(9) 1571-1580.el573. 

The use of CA inhibitors as diuretics is limited by their propensity to cause metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia. Their use can be indicated in patients with metabolic alkalosis and secondary hyperaldosteronism resulting for example from aggressive use of loop diuretics. Furthermore, CA inhibitors are effective dtugs to produce a relatively alkaline urine for the treatment of cysteine and uric acid stones as well as for the accelerated excretion of salicylates. Perhaps the most common use of CA inhibitors is in the treatment of glaucoma. 

These drugp are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to die drugs, asthma, peptic ulcer disease, coronary artery disease, and hyperthyroidism. Bethanecol is contraindicated in those with mechanical obstruction of die gastrointestinal or genitourinary tracts. Fhtients with secondary glaucoma, iritis, corneal abrasion, or any acute inflammatory disease of the eye should not use die ophtiialmic cholinergic preparations. 

Zhang68 has applied the cyclization of esters to the formation of a-methylene-y-butyrolactones, thus offering a novel and enantioselective entry to these substructures. The importance of this unsaturated lactone is evidenced by its ubiquitous presence in nearly a third of all naturally occurring secondary metabolites. The Alder-ene reaction has been applied to a formal total synthesis of (+)-pilocarpine, a leading therapeutic reagent for the treatment of narrow and wide glaucoma. Zhang intersected Btichi s synthetic intermediate (i )-181 (Scheme 47) in only two steps with a 99% ee and a 91% overall yield. In comparison, Biichi synthesized (i )-181 in five steps with a 92% ee and a 20% overall yield. 

Cataracts refer to the opacity of the lens of the eye or of its capsule. Symptoms of cataracts are a progressive decrease in visual acuity as the lens becomes visibly opaque. Cataracts are usually painless but pain may be an accompanying symptom if the cataract swells and secondary glaucoma develops. 

Ocular effects Prolonged use may produce posterior subcapsular cataracts, glaucoma with possible damage to the optic nerves, and may enhance the establishment of secondary ocular infections caused by fungi or viruses. 

Secondary glaucoma and preoperative treatment of acute congestive (closed-angle) glaucoma -... 

Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation where constriction is undesirable (eg, acute iritis, acute or anterior uveitis, some forms of secondary glaucoma, pupillary block glaucoma, acute inflammatory disease of the anterior chamber). 

Secondary glaucoma, preop treatment of acute congestive glaucoma PO/IV 250 mg q4h, 250 mg ql2h or 500 mg, then 125-250 mg q4h. 

Contraindications Bladder neck obstruction due to prostatic hypertrophy, cardiospasm, intestinal atony, myasthenia gravis in those not treated with neostigmine, narrow-angle glaucoma, obstructive disease of the GI tract, paralytic ileus, severe ulcerative colitis, tachycardia secondary to cardiac insufficiency or thyrotoxicosis, toxic megacolon, unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage... 

Glucocorticoid creams applied topically to the skin are routinely used in the treatment of many skin disorders, and their use on the face in severe atopic eczema is relatively common. Three patients developed advanced glaucoma while using topical facial glucocorticoids. Two other patients developed ocular hypertension secondary to topical facial glucocorticoids (430). 

A 53-year-old woman, with glaucoma and loss of the eyelashes secondary to alopecia following an allergic response to ibuprofen was given latanoprost (36). After 3 weeks her eyelashes were noticeable and 2 months later full growth had occurred. 

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