Ischemic retinal diseases

Bevacizumab has been studied in advanced carcinoid tumors [167 ], prostate cancer [168 ], high-risk corneal transplantation [169 ], diabetic retinopathy [170 , 171, 172 ], ischemic retinal diseases [173 ], refractory choroidal neovascularization secondary to uveitis [174 ], macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion [175 ], retinal angiomatous proliferation [176% choroidal neovascularization attributable to pathological myopia [177, 178], exudative age-related macular degeneration [179 ], multifocal lymphangioendothe-liomatosis with thrombocytopenia [180" ], in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer [181 j, advanced melanoma [182 ], malignant pleural mesothelioma [183 ],... 

Wakabayashi T, Oshima Y, Sakaguchi H, Ikuno Y, Miki A, Gomi F, Otori Y, Kamei M, Kusaka S, Tano Y. Intravitreal bevacizumab to treat iris neovascularization and neovascular glaucoma secondary to ischemic retinal diseases in 41 consecutive cases. Ophthalmology 2008 115(9) 1571-1580.el573. 

There is considerable evidence that overstimulation of glutamate receptors promotes cell death in a number of retinal disease processes. Glutamate overstimulation may be particularly important in acute ischemic injuries, but it also may play a role in diabetic retinopathy (16) and chronic neurodegenerative processes such as glaucoma (17). Evidence for this includes the observation that glutamate levels are elevated in the vitreous of patients with these conditions (16,17). 

Vinores SA, Youssri Al, Luna JD, et al. Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in ischemic and non-ischemic human and experimental retinal disease. Histol Histo-pathol 1997 12(1) 99 109. 

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